Strain Transfer Coefficient Analyses for Embedded Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors in Different Host Materials
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 135, Issue 12
Abstract
Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have attracted a considerable amount of interest for their superior characteristics. However, the FBG sensors made on bare fibers are easily damaged. For their safe use in engineering, the glass core of optical fibers is coated with softer low modulus protective coatings. A portion of the host material strain is absorbed by the protective coatings when the strain transfers from the host material to the fiber core, and hence only a segment of structural strain is sensed. By introducing the shear modulus of the host material, a novel analytical model is developed for evaluating the sensing strain of the embedded FBG sensors in composite structures based on the strain in a host material. The average strain transfer ratio is deduced to describe the percentage transferred to the optical fiber core from the host material. It is concluded that the shear modulus of the host material influences strain transmission, especially when it is much lower than the modulus of the fiber core. Then, the strain transfer ratio of an optical fiber sensor embedded in a multilayered structure is developed in a similar way. The factors that affect the efficiency of strain transfer on the optical fiber sensor are deduced and discussed in detail based on the theoretical analysis. Finally, the theoretical results are verified through laboratory experimentation with the FBG sensors.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers are indebted to the editor and the referees, whose careful reading and comments helped improving an earlier version of the paper. This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. NNSFC50408031 and NNSFC50708013), the Natural Science Foundation of LiaoNing (Grant Nos. UNSPECIFIED20042149 and UNSPECIFIED20032120), and Young Teacher’s Foundation, Dalian University of Technology.
References
Ansari, F., and Libo, Y. (1998). “Mechanics of bond and interface shear transfer in optical fiber sensors.” J. Eng. Mech., 124(4), 385–394.
Betz, D. C., Thursby, G., Culshaw, B., and Staszewski, W. J. (2006). “Advanced layout of a fiber Bragg grating strain gauge rosette.” J. Lightwave Technol., 24(2), 1019–1026.
Cox, H. L. (1952). “The elasticity and strength of paper and other fibrous materials.” Br. J. Appl. Phys., 3, 72–79.
Culshaw, B. (1996). Smart structures and materials, Artech House, Boston.
Greszczuk, L. B. (1969). “Theoretical studies of the mechanics of the fiber-matrix interface in composites.” Interfaces in composites, ASTM STP452, ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa., 42–58.
Li, Z. F., and Grubb, T. (1994). “Single-fiber polymer composites. Part I: Interfacial shear strength and stress distribution in the pull-out test.” J. Mater. Sci., 29, 189–202.
Jiang, Z., Lian, J., Yang, D., and Dong, S. (1998). “An analytical study of the influence of thermal residual stresses on the elastic and yield behaviors of short fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites.” Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 248(1–2), 256–275.
Li, C., Wu, S., and Liu, J. P. (2005). “Bonded fiber Bragg grating strain sensor.” Instrument Technique and Sensor, 7, 3–4 (in Chinese).
Li, D. S., Li, H. N., Ren, L., and Song, G. B. (2006). “Strain transferring analysis of fiber Bragg grating sensors.” Opt. Eng., 45(2), 024402.
Li, H. N., Li, D. S., and Song, G. B. (2004a). “Recent applications of fiber optic sensors to health monitoring in civil engineering.” Eng. Struct., 26(11), 1647–1657.
Li, H. N., Zhou, G. D., Ren, L., and Li, D. S. (2007). “Strain transfer analysis of embedded fiber Bragg grating sensor under nonaxial stress.” Opt. Eng., 46, 054402.
Li, J., Zhou, Z., and Ou, J. (2004b). “Sensors and smart structures technologies for civil, mechanical, and aerospace systems.” Proc., SPIE, San Diego, 5765(2), SPIE, Bellingham, Wash., 265–274.
Li, Q., Li, G., Wang, G., Ansari, F., and Liu, Q. (2002). “Elasto-plastic bonding of embedded optical fiber sensors in concrete.” J. Eng. Mech., 128, 471–478.
Lin, Y. B., Chang, K. C., Chern, J. C., and Wang, L. A. (2005). “Packaging methods of fiber-Bragg grating sensors in civil structure applications.” IEEE Sens. J., 5(3), 419–424.
Ling, H., Lau, K., Cheng, L., and Chow, K. (2005). “Embedded fibre Bragg grating sensors for non-uniform strain sensing in composite structures.” Meas. Sci. Technol., 16(12), 2415–2424.
Liu P. F., Guo Y. M., Tao W. M. (2003). “Stress transfer of single-fiber versus multi-fiber.” J. Mat. Sci. Eng., 12(6), 781–784 (in Chinese).
Measures, R. M. (2001). Structural monitoring with fiber optic technology, Academic, San Diego.
Monette, L., Anderson, M. P., Ling, S., and Grest, G. S. (1992). “Effect of modulus and cohesive energy on critical fibre length in fibre-reinforced composites.” J. Mater. Sci., 27(16), 4393–4405.
Nanni, A., Yang, C. C., Pan, K., Wang, J. S., and Michael, R. R., Jr. (1991). “Fiber-optic sensors for concrete strain-stress measurement.” ACI Mater. J., 88(3), 257–394.
Pak, Y. E. (1992). “Longitudinal shear transfer in fiber optic sensors.” Smart Mater. Struct., 1, 57–62.
Prabhugoud, M., and Peters, K. (2006). “Finite element model for embedded fiber Bragg grating sensor.” Smart Mater. Struct., 15(2), 550–562.
Rao, Y. J. (1999). “Recent progress in applications if in-fiber Bragg grating sensors.” Opt. Lasers Eng., 31, 297–324.
Ren, L., Li, H. N., Zhou, J., Sun, L., and Li, D. S. (2006). “Application of tube-packaged FBG strain sensor in vibration experiment of submarine pipeline model.” China Ocean Eng., 20(1), 155–164.
Rosen, B. (1965). “Mechanics of composite strengthening.” Fiber composite materials, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio.
Tsai, H., Arocho, A. M., and Cause, L. (1990). “Prediction of fiber-matrix interphase properties and their influence on interface stress, displacement, and fracture toughness of composite material.” Mater. Sci. Eng., 126(990), 295–304.
Tu, Q., Zhang, W., Sun, L., and Dong, X. (2004). “Study on transversal strain on fiber Bragg grating.” Chin. J. Lasers, 31(12), 1508–1512 (in Chinese).
Udd, E. (1991). Fiber optic sensors: An introduction for engineers and scientists, Wiley, New York.
Yang, Y. F., Xu, S. Q., and Zhong, Z. H. (2001). “Studies on stress transference mechanism of steel fiber reinforced concrete.” Appl. Math. Mech., 22(4), 483–494.
Zhao, H., Bao, J., and Chen, Y. (2006). “Research on stress transferring rules for cladded fiber Bragg grating by using shear lag theory.” Chin. J. Lasers, 33(5), 636–640.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 135 • Issue 12 • December 2009
Pages: 1343 - 1353
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Aug 13, 2007
Accepted: Aug 10, 2009
Published online: Nov 13, 2009
Published in print: Dec 2009
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Henri P. Gavin
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.