Simplified Method to Include Cumulative Damage in the Seismic Response of Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 135, Issue 10
Abstract
In this paper a consistent method including damage criteria in the seismic response of single-degree-of-freedom systems is proposed. The method allows the determination of suitably modified strength or displacement inelastic spectra through the introduction of an equivalent damage factor that accounts for earthquake damage potential; analogously capacity spectra could be obtained. Three types of damage indices are considered (Park and Ang index , energy index , and low-cycle fatigue index ) and derivation of is pursued for all these cases. Moreover approximate simplified expressions in the function of Cosenza and Manfredi seismological index, which accounts for cyclic damage potential of an earthquake, are also proposed. In this way damage capacity spectra are obtained to improve the seismic assessment of existing structures including damage effect.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers thank very much the reviewers who contributed greatly, with their comments and recommendations, to improve the overall quality of the work.
References
Applied Technology Council (ATC) 40. (1996). “Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings.” Rep. No. SSC 96-01, ATC, Redwood City, Calif.
Applied Technology Council (ATC). (1998). “Evaluation of earthquake damaged concrete and masonry wall buildings—Basic procedures manual.” FEMA 306 Report, prepared by Applied Technology Council (ATC-43 project), for Partnership for Response and Recovery, Washington, D.C., funded by FEMA.
ASCE. (2000). “Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings” FEMA 356 Report, prepared by ASCE for FEMA, Washington, D.C.
Bozorgnia, Y., and Bertero, V. V. (2003). “Damage spectra: Characteristics and applications to seismic risk reduction.” J. Struct. Eng., 129(10), 1330–1340.
Calvi, G. M., and Kingsley, G. R. (1995). “Displacement-based seismic design of multi-degree-of-freedom bridges structures.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 24, 1247–1266.
Chai, Y. H. (2005). “Incorporating low-cycle fatigue model into duration-dependent inelastic design spectra.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 34, 83–96.
Chopra, A. K., and Goel, R. K. (2001). “Direct displacement based design: Use of inelastic versus elastic design spectra.” Earthquake Spectra, 17(1), 47–64.
Comitée Européen de Normalisation (CEN). (2003). “Design of structures for earthquake resistance—Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings—Part 3: Strengthening and repair of buildings.” EN 1998-1, Brussels.
Cosenza, E., and Manfredi, G. (1996). “Seismic design based on low cycle fatigue criteria.” Proc., 11th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Cosenza, E., and Manfredi, G. (1997). “The improvement of the seismic resistant design for existing and new structures using damage concept.” Seismic design methodologies for the next generation of codes, P. Fajfar and H. Krawinkler, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 119–130.
Cosenza, E., Manfredi, G., and Ramasco, R. (1993). “The use of damage functionals in earthquake-resistant design: A comparison among different procedures.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 22, 855–868.
Fajfar, P. (1992). “Equivalent ductility factors taking into account low-cycle fatigue.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 21, 837–848.
Fédération international du béton (fib). (2003a). “Seismic assessment and retrofit of reinforced concrete buildings.” State-of-Art Report.
Fédération international du béton (fib). (2003b). “Displacement based seismic design of reinforced concrete buildings.” State-of-Art Report.
Hancock, J., and Bommer, J. J. (2005). “The effective number of cycles of earthquake ground motion.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 34, 637–664.
Iervolino, I., Giorgio, M., Galasso, C., and Manfredi, G. (2008). “Prediction relationships for a vector-valued ground motion intensity measure accounting for cumulative damage potential.” Proc., 4th WCEE—14th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Mira Digital Publishing.
Iervolino, I., Manfredi, G., and Cosenza, E. (2006). “Ground motion duration effects on nonlinear seismic response.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dynam., 35, 21–38.
Krawinkler, H., and Nassar, A. A. (1992). “Seismic design based on ductility and cumulative damage demands and capacities.” Nonlinear seismic analysis of RC buildings, P. Fajfar and H. Krawinkler, eds., Elsevier Science, New York, 23–40.
Krawinkler, H., and Zohrei, M. (1983). “Cumulative damage in steel structures subjected to earthquake ground motion.” Comput. Struct., 16, 531–541.
Kunnath, S. K., and Chai, Y. H. (2004). “Cumulative damage based inelastic cyclic demand spectrum.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 33, 499–520.
Lu, Y., and Wei, J. (2008). “Damage-based inelastic response spectra for seismic design incorporating performance considerations.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 28, 536–549.
Malhotra, P. K. (2002). “Cyclic demand spectrum.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 31, 1441–1457.
Manfredi, G. (2001). “Evaluation of seismic energy demand.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 30(4), 485–499.
Manfredi, G., Polese, M., and Cosenza, E. (2003). “Cumulative demand of the earthquake ground motions in the near source.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 32(12), 1853–1865.
Miranda, E. (2001). “Estimation of inelastic deformation demands of SDOF systems.” J. Struct. Eng., 127(9), 1005–1012.
Miranda, E., and Bertero, V. V. (1994). “Evaluation of strength reduction factors for earthquake-resistant design.” Earthquake Spectra, 10, 357–359.
Newmark, N. M., and Hall, W. J. (1982). Earthquake spectra and design, EERI, Berkeley, Calif.
Park, Y. J., and Ang, A. H.-S. (1985). “Mechanistic seismic damage model for reinforced concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 111(4), 722–739.
Park, Y. J., Ang, A. H.-S., and Wen, Y. K. (1987). “Damage-limiting aseismic design of buildings.” Earthquake Spectra, 3(1), 1–26.
Stephens, J. E., and Yao, J. T. P. (1987). “Damage assessment using response measurements.” J. Struct. Eng., 113(4), 787–801.
Structural Engineers Association of California (SEAOC). (1995). “Performance based seismic design engineering.” Rep. Prepared for SEAOC Vision 2000 Committee, SEAOC, Sacramento, Calif.
Teran-Gilmore, A., and Jirsa, J. O. (2005). “A damage model for practical seismic design that accounts for low cycle fatigue.” Earthquake Spectra, 21(3), 803–832.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 135 • Issue 10 • October 2009
Pages: 1081 - 1088
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Oct 17, 2006
Accepted: Jun 4, 2009
Published online: Sep 15, 2009
Published in print: Oct 2009
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Lambros S. Katafygiotis
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.