Characteristics of Steady Horseshoe Vortex System near Junction of Square Cylinder and Base Plate
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 134, Issue 2
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental investigation on the characteristics of a horseshoe vortex system near the juncture of a square cylinder and a horizontal base plate, using particle image velocimetry and flow visualization technique. Experiments were conducted for Reynolds numbers (based on the free stream velocity and the width of square cylinder) ranging from to . The flow patterns are first classified into four major regimes: Steady horseshoe vortex system, periodic oscillation vortex system with small displacement, periodic breakaway vortex system, and irregular vortex system. The classifications can be demonstrated as a figure of Reynolds number versus the ratio of the height of square cylinder to undisturbed boundary layer thickness. The study then mainly focused on the characteristics of steady horseshoe vortex system (corresponding to Reynolds numbers ranging from to ). The nondimensional characteristics, including the horizontal and vertical distances from the primary vortex core to frontal face of the vertical square cylinder and bottom boundary of the base plate, respectively, the height of stagnation point at frontal face of the square cylinder, and the down-flow discharge as well as circulation of the primary vortex, all increase with increase of the ratio of the height of square cylinder to undisturbed boundary layer thickness. However, they all decrease with the increase of the aspect ratio (i.e., the height-to-width ratio) of the square cylinder. The study provides essential properties of a steady horseshoe vortex system and gives an insight for related engineering applications. It can be served as a basis for more complicated horseshoe vortex systems occurring at high Reynolds numbers.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Council of Taiwan under Grant Nos. NSCTNSC93-2611-E-005-002 and NSCTNSC94-2611-E-005-002, and the Directorate General of the Highways Bureau, Ministry of Transportation and Communication of Taiwan, to the National Chung-Hsing University.
References
Baker, C. J. (1979). “The laminar horseshoe vortex.” J. Fluid Mech., 95, 347–367.
Baker, C. J. (1980). “The turbulent horseshoe vortex.” J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 6, 9–23.
Baker, C. J. (1991). “The oscillation of horseshoe vortex system.” J. Fluids Eng., 113(3), 489–495.
Ballio, F., Bettoni, C., and Franzetti, S. (1998). “A survey of time-averaged characteristics of laminar and turbulent horseshoe vortices.” J. Fluids Eng., 120(4), 233–242.
Chen, J. W. (1999). “Study on the flow characteristics of horseshoe vortex system near the juncture of a rectangular pillar.” MS thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Chung-Hsing Univ., Taiwan.
Chyu, M. K., and Natarajan, V. (1991). “Local heat/mass transfer distributions on the surface of a wall-mounted cube.” J. Heat Transfer, 113, 851–857.
Dargahi, B. (1989). “The turbulent flow field around a circular cylinder.” Exp. Fluids, 8, 1–12.
Fisher, E. M., and Eibeck, P. A. (1990). “The influence of a horseshoe vortex on local convective heat transfer.” J. Heat Transfer, 112, 329–335.
Garimella, S. V., and Eibeck, P. A. (1990). “Heat transfer characteristics of an array of protruding elements in single phase forced convection.” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 33(12), 2659–2669.
Goldstein, R. J., and Karni, J. (1984). “Effect of a wall boundary layer on local mass transfer from a cylinder in crossflow.” J. Heat Transfer, 106(2), 260–267.
Goldstein, R. J., Yoo, S. Y., and Chung, M. K. (1990). “Convective mass transfer from a square cylinder and its base plate.” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 33(1), 9–18.
Greco, J. J. (1990). “The flow structure in the vicinity of a cylinder-flat plate junction: Flow regimes, periodicity, and vortex interactions.” MS thesis, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, Pa.
Kang, B. H., Jaluria, Y., and Tewari, S. S. (1990). “Mixed convection transport from an isolated heat source module on a horizontal plate.” J. Heat Transfer, 112, 653–661.
Lin, C., Chiu, P. H., and Shieh, S. J. (2002). “Characteristics of horseshoe vortex system near a vertical plate-base plate juncture.” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 27(1), 25–46.
Lin, C., Ho, T. C., Chang, K. T., and Shieh, S. J. (2001). “The characteristics of horseshoe vortex near the juncture of a vertical plate at low Reynolds number.” J. Eng. National Chung Hsing Univ., 12(1), 1–15.
Lin, C., Lai, W. J., and Chang, K. A. (2003). “Simultaneous particle image velocimetry and laser Doppler velocimetry measurements of periodical oscillatory horseshoe vortex system near square cylinder-base plate juncture.” J. Eng. Mech., 129(10), 1173–1188.
Meinders, E. R., and Hanjalic, K. (1999). “Vortex structure and heat transfer in turbulent flow over a wall-mounted matrix of cubes.” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 20, 255–267.
Meinders, E. R., Hanjalic, K., and Martinuzi, R. J. (1999). “Experimental study of the local convection heat transfer from a wall-mounted cube in turbulent channel flow.” J. Heat Transfer, 121, 564–573.
Meinders, E. R., Van Der Meer, T. H., and Hanjalic, K. (1998). “Local convective heat transfer from an array of wall-mounted cubes.” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 41(2), 335–346.
Nakamura, H., and Igarashi, T. (2004). “Forced convection heat transfer from a low-profile block simulating a package of electronic equipment.” J. Heat Transfer, 126, 463–470.
Nakamura, H., Igarashi, T., and Tsutsui, T. (2001). “Local heat transfer around a wall-mounted cube in the turbulent boundary layer.” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 44, 3385–3395.
Nakamura, H., Igarashi, T., and Tsutsui, T. (2003). “Local heat transfer around a wall-mounted cube at 45° to flow in a turbulent boundary layer.” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 24, 807–815.
Roper, A. T. (1967). “A cylinder in a shear flow.” Ph.D. thesis, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, Colo.
Schwind, R. (1962). “The three-dimensional boundary layer near a strut.” Gas Turbine Laboratory Rep., Massachusetts Inst. Tech., Cambridge, Mass.
Seal, C. V., Smith, C. R., Akin, O., and Rockwell, D. (1995). “Quantitative characteristics of a laminar unsteady necklace vortex system at a rectangular block-flat plate juncture.” J. Fluid Mech., 286, 117–135.
Seal, C. V., Smith, C. R., and Rockwell, D. (1997). “Dynamics of vorticity distribution in wall junctures.” AIAA J., 35(6), 1041–1047.
Simpson, R. L. (2001). “Junction flows.” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 33, 415–443.
Thomas, S. W. (1987). “The unsteady characteristics of laminar juncture flow.” Phys. Fluids, 30(3), 283–285.
Visbal, M. R. (1991). “Structure of laminar juncture flows.” AIAA J., 29(8), 1273–1282.
Wang, K. C., and Chiou, R. T. (2006). “Local mass/heat transfer from a wall-mounted block in rectangular channel flow.” Heat Mass Transfer, 42, 660–670.
Yaghoubi, M., and Velayati, E. (2005). “Undeveloped convective heat transfer from an array of cubes in cross-stream direction.” Int. J. Therm. Sci., 44, 756–765.
Yeh, C. C. (1996). “The three-dimensional flow fields around square and circular cylinders mounted vertically on a flat plate.” MS thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Chung Hsing Univ., Taiwan.
Yoo, S. Y., Park, J. H., and Chung, M. H. (2003). “Local heat transfer characteristics in simulated electronic modules.” J. Heat Transfer, 125, 362–368.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 134 • Issue 2 • February 2008
Pages: 184 - 197
Copyright
© 2008 ASCE.
History
Received: May 22, 2006
Accepted: Jun 15, 2007
Published online: Feb 1, 2008
Published in print: Feb 2008
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Brett F. Sanders
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.