Effects of Cross Anisotropy on Three-Dimensional Behavior of Sand. II: Volume Change Behavior and Failure
This article is a reply.
VIEW THE ORIGINAL ARTICLEPublication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 129, Issue 2
Abstract
The volume change behavior of cross-anisotropic sand is studied using results of a series of cubical triaxial tests. The relationships between the volumetric response, failure, and shear localization are addressed. Rates of dilation under various three-dimensional stress conditions are evaluated in conjunction with the peak shear resistance and initiation of shear banding in specimens of dense Santa Monica beach sand. The location of the line in principal stress space along which the tendency to deform changes from compressive to dilative (the characteristic line) is determined using two different methods. The uniqueness of this characteristic line for cross-anisotropic materials is analyzed.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Abelev, A. V., and Lade, P. V. (2003). “Effects of cross anisotropy on three-dimensional behavior of sand. I: Stress–strain behavior and shear banding.” J. Eng. Mech., 129(2), 160–166.
Arthur, J. R. F., and Menzies, B. K.(1972). “Inherent anisotropy in a sand.” Geotechnique, 22(1), 115–128.
Arthur, J. R. F., Dunstan, T., Al-Ani, Q., and Assadi, A.(1977). “Plastic deformation and failure of granular media.” Geotechnique, 27(1), 53–74.
Bolton, M. D.(1986). “The strength and dilatancy of sands.” Geotechnique, 36(1), 65–78.
Casagrande, A., and Carillo, N.(1944). “Shear failure of anisotropic materials.” J. Boston Soc. Civ. Eng., 31(4), 74–87.
Desrues, J. (1984) “La localisation de la déformation dans les milieux granulaires.” Thése de doctoat d’état, Grenoble.
El-Sohby, M. A., and Andrews, K. Z. (1973). “Experimental examination of sand anisotropy.” Proc., 8th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics, 1, 103–109.
Graton, L. C., and Fraser, H. J.(1935). “Systematic packing of spheres with particular relation to porosity and permeability.” J. Geol., 43, 875–909.
Hansen, C. E. B. (1958). “Line ruptures regarded as narrow rupture zones—Basic equations based on kinematic considerations.” Proc., Brussels Conf. No. 58 on Earth Pressure Problems, 1, 39–48, Brussels, Belgium.
Ishihara, K., Tatsuoka, F., and Yasuda, S.(1975). “Undrained deformation and liquefaction of sand under cyclic stesses.” Soils Found., 15(1), 29–44.
Kirkgard, M. M., and Lade, P. V.(1991). “Anisotropy of normally consolidated San Francisco bay mud.” Geotech. Test. J., 14(3), 231–246.
Kirkgard, M. M., and Lade, P. V.(1993). “Anisotropic three-dimensional behavior of a normally consolidated clay.” Can. Geotech. J., 30, 848–858.
Lade, P. V.(1978). “Cubical triaxial apparatus for soil testing.” Geotech. Test. J., 1(2), 93–101.
Lade, P. V., and Ibsen, L. B. (1997). “A study of the phase transformation and the characteristic lines of sand behavior.” Int. Symp. on Deformation and Progressive Failure in Geomechanics, A. Asaoka, T. Adachi, and F. Oka, eds., Pergamon, Nagoya, Japan, 353–358.
Lade, P. V., and Wang, Q.(2001). “Analysis of shear banding in true triaxial tests on sand.” J. Eng. Mech., 128(8), 762–768.
Lewin, P. I., Yamada, Y., and Ishihara, K. (1982). “Correlated drained and undrained 3D tests on loose sand.” IUTAM Conf. on Deformation and Failure of Granular Materials, Delft, 419–429, Balkema, Rotterdam.
Luong, M. P. (1980). “Stress–strain aspects of cohesionless soils under cyclic and transient loading.” Int. Symp. on Soils under Cyclic and Transient Loading. Swansea, 315–324, Balkema, Rotterdam.
Molenkamp, F.(1985). “Comparison of frictional material models with respect to shear band initiation.” Geotechnique, 35(2), 127–143.
Ochiai, H., and Lade, P. V.(1983). “Three-dimensional behavior of sandwith anisotropic fabric.” J. Geotech. Eng., 109(10), 1313–1328.
Oda, M.(1972a). “Initial fabrics and their relations to mechanical properties of granular materials.” Soils Found., 12(1), 17–36.
Oda, M.(1972b). “The mechanism of fabric changes during compressional deformation of sand.” Soils Found., 12(2), 1–18.
Oda, M.(1972c). “Deformation mechanism of sand in triaxial compression tests.” Soils Found., 12(4), 45–63.
Oda, M., Nemat-Nasser, M., and Merhrabadi, M. M.(1985). “Stress-induced anisotropy in granular masses.” Solis Found., 25(3), 85–97.
Oda, M., Tatsuoka, F., and Yoshida, T. (1997). “Void ratio in shear band of dense granular soils.” Deformation and progressive failure in geomechanics, IS-Nagoya, Japan, A. Asaoka, T. Adachi, and F. Oka, eds., Pergamon, New York.
Parkin, A. K., Gerrard, C. M., and Willougby, D. R.(1968). “Discussion on deformation of sand in shear.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 94, 336–340.
Reynolds, O.(1885). “On the dilatancy of media composed of rigid particles in contact.” Philos. Mag., 5th, Ser. 20(2), 469–481.
Roscoe, K. H.(1970). “The influence of strains in soil mechanics.” Geotechnique, 20(2), 129.
Schanz, T., and Vermeer, P. A.(1996). “Angles of friction and dilatancyof sand.” Geotechnique, 46(1), 145–151.
Schofield, A. N., and Wroth, C. P. (1968). Critical state soil mechanics, McGraw-Hill, London, U.K.
Tatsukoa F., Nakamura, T., Huang, C., and Tani, K.(1990). “Strength anisotropy and shear band direction in plane strain tests on sand.” Soils Found., 30(1), 35–54.
Vardoulakis, I.(1980). “Shear band inclination and shear modulus of sand in biaxial tests.” Int. J. Numer. Analyt. Meth. Geomech., 4, 103–119.
Vardoulakis, I., and Sulem, J. (1995). Bifurcation analysis in geomechanics, Chapman and Hall, Glasgow, U.K.
Vermeer, P. A., and de Borst, R.(1984). “Non-associated plasticity for soils, concrete and rock.” Heron, 29(3), 1–64.
Wang, Q., and Lade, P. V.(2001). “Shear banding in true triaxial tests and its effect on failure in sand.” J. Eng. Mech., 128(8), 754–761.
Weindieck, K.(1967). “Zur struktur königer medien.” Bautechnik, 6, 196–199 (in German).
Wong, R. K. S., and Arthur, J. R. F.(1985). “Induced and inherent anisotropy in sand.” Geotechnique, 35(4), 471–481.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 129 • Issue 2 • February 2003
Pages: 167 - 174
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 1, 2001
Accepted: Jan 18, 2002
Published online: Jan 15, 2003
Published in print: Feb 2003
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.