Concrete Fracture Process Zone Characterization with Fiber Optics
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 127, Issue 5
Abstract
The characterization of the fracture process zone inside a cracked concrete specimen is investigated through optical fiber technology. Fiber Bragg gratings are used to measure the strains in the close vicinity of the crack front, thus enabling us (for the first time) to directly measure those deformations inside the concrete specimen. A detailed discussion of the experimental technique is first provided. Then, following the experimental measurements, test results are presented and discussed. Preliminary results indicate that there is a narrow zone on each side of the crack front with inelastic residual strains, and another where strains increase only in the presence of a neighboring crack tip. The width of the process zone is found to be about three times the maximum aggregate size.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Ansari, F., and Libo, Y. (1998). “Mechanics of bond and interface shear transfer in optical fiber sensors.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 124(4), 385–394.
2.
Ansari, F., and Navalurkar, R. K. (1993). “Kinematics of crack formation in cementitious composites by fiber optics.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 119(5), 1048–1061.
3.
Bažant, Z. P., and Oh, B. H. ( 1983). “Crack band theory for fracture of concrete.” Mat. and Struct., Paris, 93, 155–177.
4.
Chen, B., Maher, M. H., and Nawy, E. G. (1994). “Fiber-optic Bragg grating sensor for nondestructive evaluation of composite beams.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 120(12), 3456–3470.
5.
Eringen, A., and Edelin, D. ( 1972). “On nonlocal elasticity.” Int. J. Engrg. Sci., 10, 233–248.
6.
Ferdinand, P., Magne, S., Dewynter-Marty, V., Martinez, C., Rougeault, S., and M., B. ( 1997). “Applications of Bragg grating sensors in Europe.” Int. Conf. on Optical Fiber Sensor OFS (12), 14–19.
7.
Fuhr, P. L., Huston, D. R., Ambrose, T. P., and Snyder, D. M. (1993). “Stress monitoring of concrete using embedded optical fiber sensors.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 119(7), 2263–2269.
8.
Hillerborg, A., Modéer, M., and Petersson, P. E. ( 1976). “Analysis of crack formation and crack growth in concrete by means of fracture mechanics and finite elements.” Cement and Concrete Res., 6(6), 773–782.
9.
Jacquot, P., and Rastogi, P. ( 1983). “Speckle metrology and holographic interferometry applied to the study of cracks in concrete.” Fracture mechanics of concrete, F. H. Wittmann, ed., Elsevier Science, New York.
10.
Klink, T., Meissner, J., and Slowik, V. ( 1997). “Dehnungsmessung an einer spannbetonbruecke mit faser-Bragg-gitter-sensoren.” Tech. Internal Rep. HTWK, Leipzig, Germany (in German).
11.
Koester, M., and Wolff, R. ( 1993). Proc., Int. Workshop on Dam Safety.
12.
Landis, E., and Nagy, E. ( 1998). “Work of load versus internal crack growth for mortar in compression.” Proc., 3rd Fracture Mech. of Concrete Struct. (FRAMCOS) Conf., Aedificatio, Geifu, Japan, 35–46.
13.
Leung, C., Elvin, N., Olson, N., Morse, T., and He, Y-F. ( 1998). “A novel distributed crack sensor for concrete structures.” Proc., 3rd Fracture Mech. of Concrete Struct. (FRAMCOS) Conf., Aedificatio, Geifu, Japan, 25–34.
14.
Maso, J. ( 1993). “Characterization and quantification of microcracking by electron microscopy.” Micromechanics of concrete and cementitious composites, C. Huet, ed., Presses Polytechniques et Universitaires Romandes, Lausanne, 83–103.
15.
Meltz, G. ( 1996). “Overview of fiber grating-based sensors.” Distributed and multiplexed fiber grating sensors VI, A. Kersey and J. Dakin, eds., SPIE, Bellingham, Wash., Vol. 2838, 2–21.
16.
Miesseler, H-J., and Wolff, R. ( 1991). “Bauwerksbeobachtung mit lichtwellenleitern.” Int. Symp. Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung im Bauwesen, 142–149 (in German).
17.
Mihashi, H., and Nomura, N. ( 1996). “Correlation between characteristics of fracture process zone and tension-softening properties of concrete.” Nuclear Engrg. and Des., 165, 359–376.
18.
Mindess, S., and Diamond, S. ( 1982). “The cracking and fracture of mortar.” RILEM Mat. and Struct., 15(86), 107–113.
19.
Narendran, N., Shukla, A., and Letcher, S. ( 1991). “Determination of fracture parameters using embedded fiber-optic sensors.” Experimental Mech., 31(4), 360–365.
20.
Nawy, E., and Chen, B. ( 1998). “Deformational behavior of high performance concrete continuous composite beams reinforced with prestressed prisms and instrumented with Bragg grating fiber optic sensors.” ACI Struct. J., 95(1), 51–60.
21.
Nellen, P., Anderegg, P., Bronnimann, R., and Sennhauser, U. ( 1997). “Application of fiber optical and resistance strain gauges for long-term surveillance of civil engineering structures.” Smart structures and materials 1997: Smart systems for bridges, structures, and highways, N. Stubbs, ed., SPIE, Bellingham, Wash., Vol. 3043, 77–86.
22.
Prohaska, J., Snitzer, E., Chen, B., Maher, M., and Nawy, E. ( 1992). “Fiber optic Bragg grating sensor in large scale concrete structures.” Fiber optic smart structures and skin V, R. Claus and R. Rogowski, eds., SPIE, Bellingham, Wash., Vol. 1798, 286–294.
23.
Raiss, M., Dougill, J., and Newman, J. ( 1990). “Development of fracture proces zones in concrete.” Mag. of Concrete Res., 42(153), 193–202.
24.
Regnault, P., and Brühwiler, E. ( 1990). “Holographic interferometry for the determination of fracture process zone of concrete.” Engrg. Fracture Mech., 35(1), 28–39.
25.
Reich, R., Červenka, J., and Saouma, V. ( 1997). “Merlin—A three-dimensional finite element program based on a mixed-iterative solution strategy for problems in elasticity, plasticity, and linear and nonlinear fracture mechanics.” Tech. rep., Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif., 〈http://civil.colorado.edu/;tlsaouma/Merlin〉.
26.
Rosseland, S. ( 1989). “Testing of fibre optic crack-detector in concrete.” Nordic concrete research—Publication no. 8, Norske Betongforening, Oslo.
27.
Rossi, P., and Le Maou, F. ( 1989). “New methods for detecting cracks in concrete using fiber optics.” Mat. and Struct., Paris, 22(132), 437–442.
28.
Russell, P., and Archambault, J. ( 1996). “Fiber gratings.” Optical fiber sensors: Components and subsystems, Vol. 3, B. Culshaw and D. J., eds., Artech House, Norwood, Mass.
29.
Saouma, V., Anderson, D., Ostrander, K., Lee, B., and Slowik, V. ( 1998). “Application of fiber Bragg gratings in local and remote infrastructure health monitoring.” Mat. and Struct., Paris, 31, 259–266.
30.
Sunderland, H., Tolou, A., Denarié, E., Job, L., and Huet, C. ( 1995). “Use of the confocal microscope to study preexisting microcracks and crack growth in concrete.” Proc., 2nd Fracture Mech. of Concrete Struct. (FRAMCOS) Conf., Aedificatio, Zurich, 239–248.
31.
Vurpillot, S., Inaudi, D., and Ducret, J-M. ( 1996). “Bridge monitoring by fiber optic deformation sensors: Design, emplacement and results.” Smart structures and materials, SPIE, Bellingham, Wash., Vol. 2719.
32.
Vurpillot, S., Krueger, G., Benouaich, D., Clément, D., and Inaudi, D. ( 1998). “Vertical deflection of a pre-stressed concrete bridge obtained using deformation sensors and inclinometer measurements.” ACI Struct. J., 95, 518–526.
33.
Wolff, R. ( 1990). “Applications with optical fiber sensor system for monitoring prestressed concrete structures.” Struct. Congr. Abstract, ASCE, New York, 94–95.
34.
Zimmerman, B., and Claus, R. ( 1993). “Spatially multiplexed optical fiber time domain sensors for civil engineering.” Tech. Rep., FIMOD Corporation, Blacksburg, Va.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 127 • Issue 5 • May 2001
Pages: 494 - 502
History
Received: May 24, 1999
Published online: May 1, 2001
Published in print: May 2001
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.