Analytical Solutions for Shallow Tunnels in Saturated Ground
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 127, Issue 12
Abstract
Estimates of ground deformations and liner stresses in a tunnel are usually obtained from empirical correlations or from past experience on similar tunnels. These correlations account for only a few of the significant factors, and extrapolation to other cases is questionable because similitude conditions are not generally fulfilled. In this paper, complete analytical solutions for a shallow tunnel in saturated ground are obtained. Two different drainage conditions have been considered: full drainage at the ground-liner interface, and no drainage. The solutions cover different construction processes and soil conditions: (1) dry ground; (2) saturated ground with and without air pressure; (3) with and without a gap between the ground and the liner; and (4) applicability for short term analysis (i.e., undrained excavation and liner installation) and for long term analysis. Since the ground and the liner are assumed to behave elastically, the solutions obtained are restricted to cases where ground deformations are small, such as stiff clays and rocks, or when the excavation method prevents large deformations of the ground.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Attewell, P. B., and Farmer, I. W. ( 1974). “Ground deformations resulting from shield tunnelling in London clay.” Can. Geotech. J., Ottawa, 11, 380–395.
2.
Attewell, P. B. ( 1977). “Ground movements caused by tunneling in soil.” Proc., Conf. on Large Ground Movements and Struct., Wiley, New York, 812–948.
3.
Attewell, P. B., Yeates, J., and Selby, A. R. ( 1986). Soil movements induced by tunnelling and their effects on pipelines and structures, Chapman and Hall, New York.
4.
Bobet, A. ( 2001). “Liner stresses in tunnels in saturated ground.” Internal Rep., Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind.
5.
Bouvard, M., and Pinto, N. ( 1969). “Aménagement Capivari-Cachoeira: Étude du puits en charge.” La Houille Blanche, Paris, 7, 747–760.
6.
Cording, E. J., O'Rourke, T. D., and Boscardin, M. ( 1978). “Ground movements and damage to structures.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Evaluation and Prediction of Subsidence, S. K. Saxena, ed., ASCE, New York, 516–537.
7.
Einstein, H. H., and Schwartz, C. W. (1979). “Simplified analysis for tunnel supports.”J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 105(4), 499–518.
8.
Fernández, G., Tirso, A., and Alvarez, A., Jr. (1994). “Seepage-induced effective stresses and water pressures around pressure tunnels.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 120(1), 108–128.
9.
Flügge, W. ( 1966). Stresses in shells, Springer-Verlag, New York.
10.
Harr, M. E. ( 1962). Groundwater and seepage, McGraw-Hill, New York.
11.
Loganathan, N., and Poulos, H. G. (1998). “Analytical prediction for tunneling-induced ground movements in clays.”J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg., ASCE, 124(9), 846–856.
12.
Macklin, S. R. ( 1999). “The prediction of volume loss due to tunnelling in overconsolidated clay based on heading geometry and stability number.” Ground Engrg., 32, 30–33.
13.
Matsumoto, Y., and Nishioka, T. ( 1991). Theoretical tunnel mechanics, University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo.
14.
Mindlin, R. D. ( 1940). “Stress distribution around a tunnel.” Trans. ASCE, ASCE, 1117–1153.
15.
Peck, R. B. ( 1969). “Deep excavations and tunnelling in soft ground.” Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg., The Sociedad Mexicana de Mecánica de Suelos, Mexico City, Mexico, 225–290.
16.
Reséndiz, D., and Romo, M. P. ( 1981). “Settlements upon soft-ground tunneling: Theoretical solution.” Soft-ground tunneling: Failure and displacements, D. Reséndiz and M. P. Romo, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 65–74.
17.
Sagaseta, C. ( 1987). “Analysis of undrained soil deformation due to ground loss.” Géotechnique, London, 37, 301–320.
18.
Schleiss, A. ( 1986). “Design of previous pressure tunnels.” Int. Water Power and Dam Constr., Church Hill, U.K., 38(5), 21–26.
19.
Schmidt, B. ( 1974). “Prediction of settlements due to tunneling in soil: three case histories.” Proc., 2nd North Am. Rapid Excavation and Tunnelling Conf., Society of Mining Engineers of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, New York, 2, 1179–1199.
20.
Standing, J. R., Farina, M., and Potts, D. M. ( 1998). “The prediction of tunnelling induced building settlements—a case study.” Tunnels and Metropolises; Proc., World Tunnel Congr. '98, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1053–1057.
21.
Terzaghi, K. ( 1936). “Stress distribution in dry and in saturated sand above a yielding trapdoor.” Proc., 1st Int. Congr. on Soil Mech., Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1, 307.
22.
Terzaghi, K. ( 1943). Theoretical soil mechanics, Wiley, New York.
23.
Timoshenko, S. P., and Goodier, J. N. ( 1970). Theory of elasticity, McGraw-Hill, New York.
24.
Verruijt, A., and Booker, J. R. ( 1996). “Surface settlements due to deformation of a tunnel in an elastic half plane.” Géotechnique, London, 46, 753–756.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
History
Received: Mar 14, 2000
Published online: Dec 1, 2001
Published in print: Dec 2001
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.