Multiscale Modeling of Interactive Diffusion Processes in Concrete
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 126, Issue 3
Abstract
Deterioration of concrete is governed by coupled diffusion processes such as heat conduction, moisture transfer, and chloride ion penetration. The diffusion processes can be characterized by multiscale modeling. At the macroscopic level, a thermodynamic approach is used in the present study as a framework to derive coupled diffusion equations and constitutive equations. In the case of hygrothermal coupling, it is found that there are additional coupling effects in the stress-strain relationships aside from the conventional thermal expansion and drying shrinkage. At the mesoscopic level, composite theories are used to develop the material models between effective transport properties (macroscopic) and transport properties of constituents (mesoscopic). The results shows that, even for noncoupled processes, the effective properties are not simply the volumetric average over the constituent phases. An analytical multiscale prediction model for chloride diffusion is developed based on an assumption that both chloride diffusivity and binding capacity are independent of free chloride concentration. The analytical solution is used as an example to compare with available test results, showing that the model is quite accurate for regular concrete cured 28 days or longer. The multiscale model can accurately predict the effect of mesoscopic parameters (e.g., aggregate content) and microscopic parameters (e.g., water-to-cement ratio) on chloride penetration.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Bazant, Z. P., ed. (1988). Mathematical modeling of creep and shrinkage of concrete. Wiley, Chichester, England.
2.
Bazant, Z. P., and Xi, Y. (1994). “Drying creep of concrete: Constitutive model and new experiments separating its mechanisms.” Mat. and Struct., Paris, 27, 3–14.
3.
Bensoussan, A., Lions, J.-L., and Papanicolaou, G. (1978). Asymptotic analysis for periodic structures. North-Holland, Amsterdam.
4.
Carmeliet, J. (1998). “A poroviscoelastic damage model for hygromechanical damage processes in unsaturated porous media.” Proc., Euro-C, '98, Computational Modeling of Concrete Struct., R. deBorst, N. Bicanic, H. Mang, and G. Meschke, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 559–566.
5.
Cervera, M., Oliver, J., and Prato, T. (1998). “A termo-chemo-mechanical model for the hydration and aging of concrete.” Proc., Euro-C, '98, Computational Modeling of Concrete Struct., R. deBorst, N. Bicanic, H. Mang, and G. Meschke, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 513–522.
6.
Chang, H. C. (1982). “Multi-scale analysis of effective transport in periodic heterogeneous media.” Chemical Engr. Commun., 15, 83–91.
7.
Christensen, R. M. (1979). Mechanics of composite materials. Wiley-Interscience, New York.
8.
Collepardi, M., and Biagini, S. ( 1989). “Effect of water/cement ratio, pozzolanic addition and curing time of chloride penetration into concrete.” ERMCO '89.
9.
Daian, J. F., Xu, K., and Quenard, D. ( 1993). “Invasion and transport processes in multiscale model structures for porous media.” COPSIII, IUPAC Symp.
10.
Daian, J. F., and Saliba, J. (1993). “Transient moisture transport in a cracked porous medium.” Transport in Porous Media, 13, 239–260.
11.
Gawin, D., Majorana, C. E., Pesavento, F., and Schrefler, B. A. ( 1998). “A fully coupled multiphase FE model of hygro-thermo-mechanical behaviors of concrete at high temperature.” Computational mechanics, new trends and applications, S. Idelsohn, F. Onate, and E. Dvorkin, eds., CIMNE, Barcelona, 1–19.
12.
Gerard, B., Pijaudier-Cabot, G., and La Borderie, C. (1998). “Coupled diffusion-damage modeling and the implications on failure due to strain localization.” Int. J. Solids and Struct., in press.
13.
Jennings, H. M., ed. (1994). “The modeling of microstructure and its potential for studying transport properties and durability.” Proc., NATO/RILEM Workshop.
14.
Jennings, H. M., and Xi, Y. (1993). “Macrostructurally based mechanisms for modeling shrinkage of cement paste at multiple levels.” Proc., 5th Int. Conf. on Creep and Shrinkage of Concrete.
15.
Jerauld, G. R., and Salter, S. J. (1990). “The effect of pore-structure on hysteresis in relative permeability and capillary pressure: pore-level modeling.” Transport in Porous Media, 5, 103–151.
16.
King, P. R. (1989). “The use of renormalization for calculating effective permeability.” Transport in Porous Media, 4(1), 37–58.
17.
Majorana, C., and Mazars, J. (1997). “Thermohygrometric and mechanical behavior of concrete using damage models.” Mat. and Struct., Paris, 30, 349–354.
18.
Mazars, J. M., and Pijaudier-Cabot, G. (1989). “Continuum damage theory—Application to concrete.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 115(2), 345–365.
19.
Mehta, P. K., and Monteiro, P. J. M. (1993). “Concrete, structures, properties, and materials.” Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
20.
Pijaudier-Cabot, G., Gerard, B., and Molez, L. (1998). “Damage mechanics of concrete structures subjected to mechanical and environmental actions.” Proc., Euro-C, '98, Computational Modeling of Concrete Struct., R. deBorst, N. Bicanic, H. Mang, and G. Meschke, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 567–576.
21.
Rosen, B. W., and Hashin, Z. (1970). Int. J. Engrg. Sci., 8, 157–173.
22.
Saez, A. E., Otero, C. J., and Rusinek, I. (1989). “The effective homogeneous behavior of heterogeneous porous media.” Transport in Porous Media, 4, 213–238.
23.
Sahimi, M., Scrivener, L. E., and Davis, H. T. (1984). “On the improvement of effective-medium approximation to the percolation conductivity problem.” J. Phys. C, 17, 1941–1948.
24.
Thelandersson, S. (1983a). “On the multiaxial behavior of concrete exposed to high temperature.” Trans., 7th Int. Conf. on Struct. Mech. in Reactor Technol., Vol. H, H3/1.
25.
Thelandersson, S. (1983b). “On the multiaxial behavior of concrete exposed to high temperature.” Nuclear Engrg. and Des., 75, 271–282.
26.
Torrenti, J. M., Mainguy, M., Adenot, F., and Tognazzi, C. (1998). “Modeling of leaching in concrete.” Proc., Euro-C, '98, Computational Modeling of Concrete Struct., R. deBorst, N. Bicanic, H. Mang, and G. Meschke, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 531–538.
27.
Ulm, F.-J., and Coussy, O. (1995). “Modeling of thermochemomechanical couplings of concrete at early ages.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 121(7), 785–794.
28.
Ulm, F.-J., Coussy, O., and Hellmich, Ch. (1998). “Chemoplasticity: A review of evidence.” Proc., Euro-C, '98, Computational Modeling of Concrete Struct., R. deBorst, N. Bicanic, H. Mang, and G. Meschke, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 421–439.
29.
Xi, Y. (1995a). “A model for moisture capacities of composite materials—Formulation.” Computational Mat. Sci., 4, 65–77.
30.
Xi, Y. (1995b). “A model for moisture capacities of composite materials—Application to concrete.” Computational Mat. Sci., 4, 78–92.
31.
Xi, Y., and Bazant, Z. P. (1999). “Modeling chloride penetration in saturated concrete.”J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg., ASCE, 11(1), 58–65.
32.
Xi, Y., Bazant, Z. P., and Jennings, H. M. (1995a). “Moisture diffusion in cementitious materials: adsorption isotherm.” J. Advanced Cement-Based Mat., 1, 248–257.
33.
Xi, Y., Bazant, Z. P., and Jennings, H. M. (1995b). “Moisture diffusion in cementitious materials: Moisture capacity and diffusivity.” J. Advanced Cement-Based Mat., 1, 258–266.
34.
Xi, Y., and Jennings, H. M. (1997). “Shrinkage of cement paste and concrete modelled by a multiscale effective homogeneous theory.” Mat. and Struct., Paris, 30(July), 329–339.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 126 • Issue 3 • March 2000
Pages: 258 - 265
History
Received: May 21, 1999
Published online: Mar 1, 2000
Published in print: Mar 2000
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.