Acoustic Emissions in Fracturing Sea Ice Plate Simulated by Particle System
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 124, Issue 1
Abstract
In-plane dynamic fracture jumps and acoustic emissions in sea ice floes of different sizes are simulated by the particle system. Fracture patterns and time sequences similar to those observed in experiments are achieved. For the given spatial location of hydrophone, the acoustic signals from crack jumps in ice are calculated in the frequency domain by a modified Farmer and Xie's acoustic model for ice plate floating in shallow sea. The acoustic pressure-time histories are synthesized by the Fourier inverse transform. The calculated acoustic signals resemble the recorded signals. Their overall character is found to depend on the plate size. This is a size effect that is manifested in the calculated root-mean-square history of the acoustic pressure at hydrophone. Differences among the acoustic records for different fracture lengths are found. They offer the possibility of making inferences on the fracture characteristics of sea ice from the acoustic records.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Achenbach, J. D. (1975). Wave propagation in elastic solids. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2.
Adamson, R. M., Dempsey, J. P., DeFranco, S. J., and Xie, Y. (1995). “Large-scale in-situ ice fracture experiments—Part I: Experimental aspects.”Ice mechanics—1995, J. P. Dempsey and U. D. S. Rajapakse, eds., vol. 207, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, N.Y., 107–128.
3.
Aki, K., and Richards, P. G. (1980). Quantitative seismology theory and methods. W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, Calif.
4.
Bažant, Z. P. (1992a). “Large-scale fracture of sea ice plates.”Proc., 11th IAHR Ice Symposium, Vol. 2 (held in Banff, Alberta), ed. by T. M. Hrudey, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 991–1005.
5.
Bažant, Z. P. (1992b). “Large-scale thermal bending fracture of sea ice plates.”J. Geophys. Res., 97(C11), 17739–17751.
6.
Bažant, Z. P., and Kim, Jenn-Keun. (1985). “Fracture theory for nonhomogeneous brittle materials with application to ice.”Proc., ASCE Nat. Conf. on Civ. Engrg. in the Arctic Offshore—ARCTIC 85, ASCE, New York, N.Y., 917–930.
7.
Bažant, Z. P., Kim, J.-J., and Li, Y.-N. (1995a). “Part-through bending cracks in sea ice plates: mathematical modeling.” in AMD-Vol. 207, Ice mechanics, ASME, Summer Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, ed. by J. P. Dempsey and Y. Rajapakse, 97–105.
8.
Bažant, Z. P., Tabbara, M. R., Kazemi, M. T., and Pijandier-Cabot, G.(1990). “Random particle model for fracture of aggregate or fiber composites.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 116(8), 1686–1705.
9.
Bažant, Z. P., and Li, Y.-N. (1993). “Fracture analysis of penetration through floating sea ice plate and size effect.”Proc., 1st Joint Mech. Meeting of ASME-ASCE-SES (Meet'n'93), held in Charlottesville, VA., ed. by J. P. Dempsey, Z. P. Bažant, Y. D. S. Rajapakse, and S. Shyam Sunder, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 131–144.
10.
Bažant, Z. P., and Li, Y.-N.(1994). “Penetration through floating sea ice plate and size effect: simplified fracture analysis.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 120(6), 1304–1321.
11.
Bažant, Z. P., and Li, Y.-N. (1995). “Penetration fracture of sea ice plate.”Int. J. Solids and Struct. 32(3/4), 303–313.
12.
Bažant, Z. P., Li, Y.-N., Jirásek, M., Li, Z., and Kim, J.-J. (1995b). “Effect of size on distributed damage and fracture of sea ice.”Proc., Sea Ice Mech. and Arctic Modeling Workshop, Anchorage, Alaska, Org. by Northwest Res. Assoc., Bellevue, WA, sponsored by Office of Naval Research, 73–83.
13.
Cundall, P. A. (1971). “A computer model for simulating progressive large-scale movements in blocky rock systems.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Rock Fracture, ISRM, Nancy, France, 2–8.
14.
Cundall, P. A., and Strack, O. D. L.(1979). “A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies.”Geotechnique, 29, 47–65.
15.
Dempsey, J. P. (1996). “Scale effects on the fracture of ice.”The Johannes Weertman Symposium. R. J. Arsenault, D. M. Cole, T. Gross, G. Kostorz, P. Liaw, S. Parameswaran, and H. Sizek, eds., Cold Regions Res. and Engrg. Lab., U.S. Army, Hanover, NH, 351–361.
16.
Dempsey, J. P., Adamson, R. M., and Mulmule, S. V. (1995). “Large-scale in-situ fracture of ice.”Fracture mechanics of concrete structures, Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Fracture Mech. of Concrete and Concrete Structures (FraMCoS-2), held at ETH, Zürich, ed. by F. H. Wittmann, ed., Aedificatio Publishers, Freiburg, Germany, 675–684.
17.
Dempsey, J. P., et al. (1991). “Fracture resistance to cracking in ice: initiation and growth.” Proc., ASCE 6th Int. Spec. Conf. on Cold Regions Engrg., American Society of Civil Engineering, New York, N.Y., 579–594.
18.
Dempsey, J. P., Wei, Y., and DeFranco, S. J.(1992). “Notch sensitivity and brittleness in fracture testing of s2-columnar fresh-water ice.”Int. J. Fracture, 53(2), 101–120.
19.
Dempsey, J. P., and Zhao, Z. C.(1993). “Elastohydrodynamic response of an ice-sheet to forced subsurface uplift.”J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 41(3), 487–506.
20.
Ewing, W. M., Jardetzky, W. S., and Press, F. (1957). Elastic waves in layered media. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, N.Y.
21.
Farmer, D. M., and Xie, Y.(1989). “The sound generation by propagating cracks in sea ice.”J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 85(4), 1489–1500.
22.
Haskell, N. A.(1964). “Total energy and energy spectral density of elastic wave radiation from propagating faults.”Bull. of the Seismological Soc. of Am., 54(6), 1811–1841.
23.
Jirásek, M., and Bažant, Z. P. (1993). “Discrete element modeling of fracture and size effect in quasibrittle materials: Analysis of sea ice.”Proc., held at M.I.T., 2nd Int. Conf. on Discrete Element Methods (DEM), March, J. R. Williams and G. G. W. Mustoe, eds., IESL Publications, 357–368.
24.
Jirásek, M., and Bažant, Z. P.(1995a). “Particle model for quasibrittle fracture and application to sea ice.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 121(9), 1016–1025.
25.
Jirásek, M., and Bažant, Z. P.(1995b). “Macroscopic fracture characteristics of random particle systems.”Int. J. Fracture, 69(3), 201–228.
26.
Li, Y. N., and Bažant, Z. P.(1994). “Penetration fracture of floating ice-plate: 2D analysis and size effect.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 120(7), 1481–1498.
27.
Mulmule, S. V., Dempsey, J. P., and Adamson, R. M. (1995). “Large scale in-situ ice fracture experiments—Part II: modeling aspects.”Ice mechanics—1995, J. P. Dempsey and Y. D. S. Rajapakse, eds., Am. Soc. of Mech. Engrs., AMD-Vol 207, 129–146.
28.
Press, F., and Ewing, W. M.(1951). “Propagation of elastic waves in a floating ice sheet.”Trans. Am. Geol. Union., 32, 673–678.
29.
Stein, P. J.(1988). “Interpretation of a few ice event transients.”J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 83(2), 617–622.
30.
Watson, G. N. (1966). A treatise on the theory of Bessel functions. The University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 198.
31.
White, J. E. (1965). Seismic waves: radiation, transmission, and attenuation. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, N.Y.
32.
Xie, Y. (1994). “The sensing of ice failure processes through acoustic and seismic emissions from developing fracture.” Report, University of British Columbia, J. Acoust. Soc. Am.,
33.
Xie, Y., and Farmer, D. M.(1989). “Acoustic radiation from thermally stressed sea ice.”J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 89(5), 2215–2231.
34.
Xie, Y., and Farmer, D. M. (1994). “Seismic-acoustic sensing of sea ice wave mechanical properties.”J. Geophys. Res., 99(C4), 7771–7786.
35.
Zubelewicz, A., and Bažant, Z. P.(1987). “Interface element modeling of fracture in aggregate composites.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 113(1), 1619–1630.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jan 1, 1998
Published in print: Jan 1998
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.