Impact Behavior of Plain Concrete Loaded in Uniaxial Compression
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 121, Issue 6
Abstract
The uniaxial stress-strain response has been measured for air-dried plain-concrete cylinders, nominally 100 mm in diameter and 250 mm long, loaded in compression at both a slow static rate of about 10 microstrains per second and a much higher impact rate of between 5 and 10 strains per second. Design concrete strengths of 30 and 50 MPa were tested. Static loading was carried out in a hydraulic testing machine, and a guided free-falling mass was used for impact loading. The impact and static responses are compared to provide some insight into the behavior of concrete during hard-impact loading. Differences in behavior are identified for various strength and deformation characteristics. Although the maximum strength and corresponding axial strain, the energy-absorption capacity at failure, and the secant modulus all increase during impact loading, the initial tangent modulus does not appear to change very much. Other characteristics such as volumetric strain and Poisson's ratio are also studied. A simple physical model is used to help explain observed changes.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Atchley, B. L., and Furr, H. L. (1967). “Strength and energy absorption properties of plain concrete under dynamic and static loading.”ACI J., Vol. 64, 745–756.
2.
Bischoff, P. H., and Perry, S. H. (1986). “Compressive strain rate effects of concrete.”Cement-based composites: strain rate effects on fracture, Vol. 64, S. Mindess and S. P. Shah, eds., Mat. Res. Soc., Pittsburgh, Pa., 151–165.
3.
Bischoff, P. H., and Perry, S. H.(1991). “Compressive behaviour of concrete at high strain rates.”Mat. and Struct., 24(144), 425–450.
4.
Bischoff, P. H., Bachmann, H., and Eibl, J. (1991). “Microcrack development during high strain rate loading of concrete in compression.”Struct. Dynamics. Proc., Eurodyn '90 European Conf., W. B. Krätzig et al., eds., A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Vol. 1, 59–66.
5.
Bischoff, P. H., Perry, S. H., and Eibl, J.(1990a). “Contact force calculations with a simple spring-mass model for hard impact: (A case study using polystyrene aggregate concrete).”Int. J. of Impact Engrg., 9(3), 317–325.
6.
Bischoff, P. H., Yamura, K., and Perry, S. H. (1990b). “Polystyrene aggregate concrete subjected to hard impact.”Proc., Instn. of Civ. Engrs., London, England, Vol. 89, Part 2, 225–239.
7.
Harsh, S., Shen, Z., and Darwin, D.(1990). “Strain-rate sensitive behavior of cement paste and mortar in compression.”ACI Mat. J., 87(5), 508–516.
8.
Hughes, B. P., and Watson, A. J.(1978). “Compressive strength and ultimate strain of concrete under impact loading.”Mag. of Concrete Res., 30(105), 189–199.
9.
Kotsovos, M. D.(1983). “Effect of testing techniques on the post-ultimate behaviour of concrete in compression.”Mat. and Struct., 16(91), 3–12.
10.
Kotsovos, M. D., and Newman, J. B. (1981). “Plain concrete under load- A new interpretation.”IABSE Final Rep. No. 34, Colloquium on Adv. Mech. of Reinforced Concrete, Delft, IABSE, Lisbon, Portugal, 143–158.
11.
Mainstone, R. J.(1975). “Properties of materials at high rates of straining or loading.”Mat. and Struct., 8(44), 102–116.
12.
Mehta, P. K., and Monteiro, P. J. M. (1993). Concrete: Structure, properties, and materials, 2nd Ed., Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, 56–57.
13.
Perry, S. H., and Bischoff, P. H. (1988). “Development of a novel load-cell for compressive impact loading of concrete.”Proc., Int. Conf. on Measurements and Testing in Civ. Engrg., J. F. Jullien, ed., RILEM-GAMAC-CAST, Lyon-Villeurbanne, France, Vol. I, 67–76.
14.
Perry, S. H., and Bischoff, P. H.(1990). “Measurement of the compressive impact strength of concrete using a thin loadcell.”Mag. of Concrete Res., 42(151), 75–81.
15.
Rossi, P.(1991). “A physical phenomenon which can explain the mechanical behaviour of concrete under high strain rates.”Mat. and Struct., 24(144), 422–424.
16.
Suaris, W., and Shah, S. P. (1982). “Mechanical properties of materials subjected to impact.”Proc., RILEM-CEB-IABSE-IASS-Interassociation Symp. on Concrete Struct. under Impact and Impulsive Loading, G. Plauk, ed., Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany, 33–62.
17.
Tang, T., Malvern, L. E., and Jenkins, D. A.(1992). “Rate effects in uniaxial dynamic compression of concrete.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 118(1), 108–124.
18.
“Testing concrete: Method for determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes.” (1983). BS 1881, Part 116, British Standards Inst., London, England.
19.
Watstein, D. (1953). “Effect of straining rate on the compressive strength and elastic properties of concrete.”ACI J., Vol. 49, 729–744.
20.
Zielinski, A. J., and Reinhardt, H. W. (1982). “Impact stress-strain behaviour of Concrete in tension.”Proc., RILEM-CEB-IABSE-IASS-Interassociation Symp. on Concrete Struct. under Impact and Impulsive Loading, G. Plauk, ed., Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany, 112–124.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 121 • Issue 6 • June 1995
Pages: 685 - 693
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jun 1, 1995
Published in print: Jun 1995
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.