Specimen Geometry Effects on Fracture of Warm Pond (S1) Ice
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 121, Issue 1
Abstract
Fracture toughness tests were performed on S1 type freshwater ice to investigate if similarities exist in the local K I fields for three different fracture geometries. The ice was tested using a handheld loading device called the FIFT (Field Instrument for Fracture Toughness Tests on ice). The geometries tested were the short rod chevron notched (SRCN) specimen, the reverse tapered (RT) specimen and the square plate (SP) geometry. All tests were performed at −4°C. The results indicate that under comparable conditions (loading rate, temperature, crack orientation, and propagation direction), the apparent fracture toughness K Q is similar for all of the geometries. The toughness was computed assuming the initiation of a stationary macrocrack from linear elastic, isotropic K I solutions. Scatter of the experimental results is accounted for in part by the large grain size of S1 ice. However, it is important to note that the results may be an artifact of subsized tests. Even though the ice was warm, the crack extended unstably in each experiment and the fracture surfaces of the split specimens showed evidence of brittle fracture. The test geometry had a marked influence on the character of the fracture surface.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Abdel-Tawab, K., and Rodin, G. J. (1993). “On the relevance of linear elastic fracture mechanics to ice.”Int. J. Fracture, Vol. 62, 171–181.
2.
Blanchet, D. (1990). “Ice design criteria for wide arctic structure.”Can. Geotech. J., Vol. 27, 701–725.
3.
Blanchet, D., Churcher, A. C., Fitzpatrick, J. P., and Badra-Blanchet, P. (1989). “An analysis of observed ice failure mechanisms for laboratory, first-year and multi year ice.”Special Rep. 89-5, 49th State-of-the-Art Rep., Working Group on Ice Forces, U.S. Army Cold Regions Res. and Engrg. Lab., Hanover, N.H., 77–124.
4.
DeFranco, S. J., and Dempsey, J. P. (1990). “Crack growth stability in S2 ice.”Proc., 10th IAHR Ice Symp., M. Määttänen, ed., International Association for Hydraulic Research, Vol. 1, 168–181.
5.
DeFranco, S. J., and Dempsey, J. P. (1991). “Crack growth stability in saline ice.”Mechanics of creep brittle materials-2, A. C. F. Cocks and A. R. S. Ponter, eds., Elsevier Applied Science, New York, N.Y., 25–36.
6.
Dempsey, J. P. (1991). “The fracture toughness of ice.”Ice-Structure Interaction: Int. Union on Theoretical and Appl. Mech. (IUTAM) Symp.St. John's, S. J. Jones, R. F. McCenna, J. Tillotoson and I. J. Jordaan, eds., Springer-Verlag KG, Berlin, Germany, 109–145.
7.
Dempsey, J. P., and Wei, Y. (1989). “Fracture toughness K Q and fractography of S1 type freshwater ice.”Adv. in fracture res., K. Salma, K. Ravi-Chandar, D. M. R. Taplin and P. Rama Rao, eds., Vol. 5, 3421–3428.
8.
Dempsey, J. P., Wei, Y., DeFranco, S., Ruben, R., and Frachetti, R. (1989). “Fracture toughness of columnar freshwater ice: crack length and specimen size effects-part II.”Proc., 10th Int. Conf. on Port and Ocean Engrg. under Arctic Conditions (POAC-89), Vol. 1, 199–207.
9.
Dempsey, J. P., Wei, Y., and DeFranco, S. J. (1991). “Fracture resistance to cracking in ice: initiation and growth.”Proc., Cold Regions Engrg., D. S. Sodhi, ed., ASCE, New York, N.Y., 579–594.
10.
Dempsey, J. P., Wei, Y., and DeFranco, S. J. (1992). “Notch sensitivity and brittleness in fracture testing of S2 columnar freshwater ice.”Int. J. Fracture, Vol. 53, 101–120.
11.
Fransson, L., and Stehn, L. M. (1993). “Porosity effects on measured strength of warm ice.”Proc., 12th Int. Conf. on Port and Ocean Engrg. Under Arctic Conditions (POAC-93), Vol. 1, 23–36.
12.
Kennedy, K. P. et al. (1993). “Large-scale ice fracture experiments: phase 1.”Proc., 12th Int. Conf. on Port and Ocean Engrg. Under Arctic Conditions (POAC-93), Vol. 2, 527–536.
13.
Mai, Y.-W., and Atkins, A. G. (1980). “Crack stability in fracture toughness testing.”J. Struct. Anal., Vol. 15, 63–74.
14.
Mai, Y.-W., Atkins, A. G., and Caddell, R. M. (1975). “On the stability of cracking in wedge tapered DCB specimens.”Int. J. Fracture, Vol. 11, 939–953.
15.
Michel, B., and Ramseier, R. O. (1971). “Classification of river and lake ice.”Can. Geotech. J., Vol. 8, 35–45.
16.
Murakami, Y. (1987). Stress intensity factor handbook, Vol. 1, Pergamon Press, Inc., Elmsford, N.Y.
17.
Nixon, W. A. (1984). “Some aspects of the engineering properties of ice,” PhD thesis, Cambridge Univ., England.
18.
Parsons, B. L., Snellen, J. B., and Muggeridge, D. B. (1989). “The double torsion test applied to fine grained freshwater columnar ice and sea ice.”Mechanics of creep brittle materials-1, A. C. F. Cocks and A. R. S. Ponter, eds., Elsevier Applied Science, New York, N.Y., 188–200.
19.
Parsons, B. L., Williams, F. M., Everad, J., and Slade, T.(1993). “Notch sensitivity of first-year sea ice.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 119(7), 1303–1313.
20.
Stehn, L. (1990). “Fracture toughness of sea ice,” Licentiate thesis, 11L, Luleå Univ. of Technol., Sweden.
21.
Stehn, L.(1994). “Fracture toughness and crack growth of brackish ice using chevron-notched specimens.”J. Glac., 40, 415–426.
22.
Stehn, L. M., DeFranco, S. J., and Dempsey, J. P. (1994). “Fracture resistance determination of freshwater ice using a chevron notched tension specimen.”Int. J. Fracture, Vol. 65, 313–328, in press.
23.
Stehn, L. M., DeFranco, S. J., and Dempsey, J. P. (1993). “Orientation effects on the fracture of pond (S1) ice.”Engrg. Fracture Mech.
24.
Wei, Y., DeFranco, S. J., and Dempsey, J. P.(1991). “Crack fabrication techniques and their effects on the fracture toughness and CTOD for freshwater columnar ice.”J. Glac., 37, 270–280.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 121 • Issue 1 • January 1995
Pages: 16 - 25
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jan 1, 1995
Published in print: Jan 1995
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.