Axial and Free‐Bending Analysis of Spiral Strands Made Simple
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 118, Issue 12
Abstract
Parametric studies based on previously reported orthotropic sheet theory have been carried out on a number of realistic and multilayered helical‐strand constructions with widely different strand (and wire) diameters and lay angles. Based on the results, a series of easy to use routines have been recommended which provide a simple means of obtaining estimates of various strand axial and free‐bending characteristics such as stiffness and hysteresis of axially preloaded strands experiencing axial or free‐bending load perturbations. Due to the presence of interwire friction, axial or free‐bending stiffnesses are found to be functions of the external load perturbations: Using the present routines, it is possible to obtain the upper (no‐slip) and lower (full‐slip) bounds to the stiffnesses and maximum possible specific loss under continued uniform cyclic loading. Simple formulations are also presented for estimating various wire kinematical parameters such as wire axial strains, interwire movements and strand overall effective Poisson's ratio. Practical limitations of the formulations have been discussed elsewhere, in the light of recent experimental findings. The proposed formulations are amenable to hand calculations and should prove useful for design office purposes.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Blevins, R. D. (1977). Flow‐incduced vibrations. Nostrand Reinhold, New York, N.Y.
2.
Hobbs, R. E., and Roof, M. (1984). “Hysteresis in bridge strand.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Engrgs., Part II Res. Theory, 77, 445–464.
3.
Hruska, F. H. (1951). “Calculation of stresses in wire ropes.” Wire and Wire Products, 26, 766–767, 799–801.
4.
Phillips, J. W., and Costello, G. A. (1973). “Contact stresses in twisted wire cables.” J. Engrg. Mech. Div., ASCE, 99(2), 331–341.
5.
Raoof, M. (1989). “Free bending tests on large spiral strands.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Engrs., Part II Res. Theory, 87(4), 605–626.
6.
Raoof, M. (1990a). “Comparison between the performance of newly manufactured and well‐used spiral strands.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Engrs. Part II Res. Theory, 89(1), 103–120.
7.
Raoof, M. (1990b). “Free bending of spiral strands.” J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 116(3), 512–530.
8.
Raoof, M. (1990c). “A multi‐contact problem.” Proc. 9th Int. Conf. on Experimental Mech., Committee for Stress Analysis, Lyngby, Denmark, 103–111.
9.
Raoof, M. (1990d). “Simple formulae for spiral strands and multi‐strand ropes.” Proc. Inst. of Civ. Engrs. Part II Res. Theory, 89(4), 527–542.
10.
Raoof, M. (1990e). “Axial fatigue of multi‐layered strands.” J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 116(10), 2083–2099.
11.
Raoof, M. (1991a). “Methods for analysing large spiral strands.” J. Strain Anal., 26(3), 165–174.
12.
Raoof, M. (1991b). “The prediction of axial damping in spiral strands.” J. Strain Anal., 26(4), 221–229.
13.
Raoof, M., and Hobbs, R. E. (1984). “The bending of spiral strand and armoured cables close to terminations.” J. Energy Resour. Tech., Trans. ASME, 106, 349–355.
14.
Raoof, M., and Hobbs, R. E. (1988a). “The analysis of multilayered structural strands.” J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 114(7), 1166–1182.
15.
Raoof, M., and Hobbs, R. E. (1988b). “Torsion tests on large spiral strands.” J. Strain Anal., 23(2), 97–104.
16.
Raoof, M., and Hobbs, R. E. (1989). “Theoretical torsional stiffness and hysteresis in spiral strands.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Engrs. Part II Res. Theory, 87(4), 605–626.
17.
Raoof, M., and Huang, Y. P. (1991). “Upper bound prediction of cable damping under cyclic bending.” J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 117(12), 2729–2747.
18.
Raoof, M., and Huang, Y. P. (1992). “Free bending hysteresis in spiral strands.” Proc. of 2nd Int. Offshore and Polar Engineering Conf., Int. Society for Offshore and Polar Engrs., San Francisco, Calif., Vol. II, June, 380–391.
19.
Velinsky, S. A. (1985). “Analysis of fibre‐core wire rope.” J. Energy Resour. Tech., Trans. ASME, 107, 388–393.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 118 • Issue 12 • December 1992
Pages: 2335 - 2351
Copyright
Copyright © 1992 ASCE.
History
Published online: Dec 1, 1992
Published in print: Dec 1992
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.