Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal from High-Strength Industrial Wastewater Using Aerobic Granular Sludge

Aerobic granular sludge technology was applied to the simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal from livestock wastewater that contains high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus (TN: $650\mathrm{mg}∕\mathrm{L}$ ; TP: $125\mathrm{mg}∕\mathrm{L}$ ). A lab-scale sequencing batch reactor was operated in an alternating anaerobic/oxic/anoxic denitrification mode. Granular sludge was first formed using synthetic wastewater. When livestock wastewater was diluted with tap water, the shape and settleability of aerobic granular sludge were maintained even though livestock wastewater contained suspended solids. Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphate uptake were observed under an aerobic condition. However, when nondiluted livestock wastewater was used, the diameter of granular sludge and the denitrification efficiency under an oxic condition decreased. When the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater increased, hydraulic retention time (HRT) increased resulting in a decrease in selection pressure for granular sludge. Therefore, the sustainment of granular sludge was difficult in livestock wastewater treatment. However, by applying a new excess sludge discharge method based on Stokes’ law, the shape of granular sludge was maintained in spite of the long HRT $\left(7.5\text{days}\right)$ . To select large granular sludge particles, excess sludge was discharged from the upper part of settled sludge because small particles localized there after settling. Finally, excellent nitrogen and phosphorus removal was accomplished in practical livestock wastewater treatment. The effluent concentrations of $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_4–\mathrm{N}$ , $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_x–\mathrm{N}$ , and $\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{O}}_4–\mathrm{P}$ were $<0.1$ , 1.4, and $1.2\mathrm{mg}∕\mathrm{L}$ , respectively.