Information Collection Rule Data Evaluation and Analysis to Support Impacts on Disinfection By-Product Formation
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 133, Issue 1
Abstract
Information Collection Rule (ICR) water quality and treatment data were screened from an end-user’s perspective and data distributions were developed based on the screened data set. Questionable data were flagged and missing categorical variables were replaced where possible. Sparseness of flagged data indicated a high level of ICR data quality while recovery of missing descriptors substantially amplified the data set. Data patterns demonstrated anticipated relationships between disinfection practices and water quality: plants with high concentrations of organic precursors preferentially employed chloramines and avoided prechlorination; plants with high bromide levels also tended to employ chloramines although bromide did not impact prechlorination practice. Though plants employing chloramination used significantly higher chlorine doses than plants using only free chlorine, when normalized to total organic carbon (TOC) this difference largely disappeared. The median ICR chlorine to TOC ratio was . Applied chlorine to ammonia-nitrogen ratios at chloramine plants varied widely but the median value was near the theoretical ratio. Significantly higher bromide to TOC ratios at ground water plants, compared to surface water plants, resulted from the typically lower TOC and higher bromide levels in ground waters.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by funding from the USEPA Office of Water and Office of Research and Development under Cooperative Agreement No. 82920001. Richard Miltner of the USEPA provided guidance for the project. The writers also thank Mike McGuire and members of the Stage 2 M/DBP Technical Workgroup who assisted with development of the Aux 1 database and laid the foundation for current and future ICR data analysis efforts. Finally, this work is based on the significant contributions of all participating ICR water utilities.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 133 • Issue 1 • January 2007
Pages: 53 - 63
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Aug 11, 2005
Accepted: May 10, 2006
Published online: Jan 1, 2007
Published in print: Jan 2007
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