Degradation of Toxaphene by Zero-Valent Iron and Bimetallic Substrates
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 131, Issue 12
Abstract
The pesticide, toxaphene, is a major environmental concern and has been reported to be harmful, especially via skin contact, ingestion, or inhalation. Although now banned, it persists in nature. The results of this research showed that toxaphene in an aqueous solution was degraded by dechlorination when contacted with and bimetallic substrates. This degradation displayed a power-law relationship with a decrease of toxaphene concentration over time. Toxaphene contacted with produced a degradation rate value, , of 0.088 for a solution-to-mass ratio of 4:1 and 0.113 for a 2:1 ratio. Doubling the initial concentration of toxaphene for a volume-to-mass ratio of 4:1 decreased the degradation rate and resulted in a value of 0.061. Bimetallic substrates including nickel-plated and copper-plated had degradation values of 0.219 and 0.245, respectively. A chloride mass balance indicated that nearly all of the toxaphene in the solution had been dechlorinated; as the chloride concentration in the solution increased over time, the toxaphene concentration decreased. The increase of chloride ions in the solution displayed a logarithmic relationship over time for all of the substrates contacted with toxaphene.
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Acknowledgments
The writers would like to express thanks to Dr. Egwu Kalu, FAMU/FSU College of Engineering for aid with substrate development. The main writer wishes to thank El Shaddai for guidance on this project. The writers also wish to thank Dr. Michael Annable, UF, and the St. John’s River Water Management District for their assistance.
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Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 131 • Issue 12 • December 2005
Pages: 1733 - 1739
Copyright
© 2005 ASCE.
History
Received: Apr 6, 2004
Accepted: Mar 22, 2005
Published online: Dec 1, 2005
Published in print: Dec 2005
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