Factors Affecting Effectiveness and Efficiency of DNAPL Destruction Using Potassium Permanganate and Catalyzed Hydrogen Peroxide
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 131, Issue 12
Abstract
This paper describes laboratory studies conducted to evaluate the impact of varying environmental conditions (dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) type and mass, and properties of the subsurface porous media) and design features (oxidant type and load) on the effectiveness and efficiency of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) for destruction of DNAPL contaminants. Porous media in zero-headspace reactors were employed to examine the destruction of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene by the oxidants potassium permanganate and catalyzed hydrogen peroxide. Measures of oxidation effectiveness and efficiency include (1) media demand (mg-oxidant/kg-porous media), (2) oxidant demand (mol-oxidant/mol-DNAPL), (3) reaction rate constants for oxidant and DNAPL depletion , (4) the percent (%) DNAPL destroyed, and (5) the relative treatment efficiency, i.e., the rate of oxidant depletion versus rate of DNAPL destruction. While an obvious goal of ISCO for DNAPL treatment is high effectiveness (i.e., extensive contaminant destruction), it is also important to focus on oxidation efficiency, or to what extent the oxidant is utilized for contaminant destruction instead of competing side reactions, for improved cost effectiveness and/or treatment times. Results indicate that DNAPL contaminants can be treated both effectively and efficiently under many environmental and design conditions. In some cases, DNAPL treatment was more effective and efficient than dissolved/sorbed phase treatment. In these experiments, permanganate was a more effective oxidant, however catalyzed hydrogen peroxide treated contaminants more efficiently (e.g., less oxidant required per mass contaminant treated). Results also indicate that oxidation treatment goals can be dictated by environmental conditions, and that specific treatment goals can dictate remediation design parameters (e.g., faster contaminant destruction was realized in catalyzed hydrogen peroxide systems, whereas greater contaminant destruction occurred in permanganate systems).
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Acknowledgments
This research was completed as part of Project CU1290, with funding provided by the U.S. Department of Defense, through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). The writers would also like to acknowledge project co-PIs, Drs. Tissa Illanagasekare and Junko Munakata-Marr, and students Shannon Jackson, Sarah Seitz, Jeffrey Heiderscheidt, Pamela Dugan, Ben Petri, and Jason Sahl for their contributions to this work and to the SERDP project.
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Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 131 • Issue 12 • December 2005
Pages: 1724 - 1732
Copyright
© 2005 ASCE.
History
Received: Aug 30, 2004
Accepted: Mar 14, 2005
Published online: Dec 1, 2005
Published in print: Dec 2005
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