Use of Sewage Sludge Ash as Brick Material
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 127, Issue 10
Abstract
Brick manufactured from incinerated sewage sludge ash and clay is investigated. The results of Atterberg limits tests of molded ash-clay mixtures indicated that both plastic index and dry shrinkage decrease with an increasing amount of ash in the mixture. Results of tests indicated that the ash proportion and firing temperature were the two key factors determining the quality of brick. Increasing the firing temperature and decreasing the amount of ash in the brick resulted in a decrease of water absorption. The appropriate percentage of ash content for producing quality bricks was in the range of 20 to 40% by weight with a 13 to 15% optimum moisture content prepared in the molded mixture and firing at 1,000°C for 6 h. With 10% ash content, the ash-clay bricks exhibited higher compressive strength than normal clay bricks. This study showed that the pulverized sludge ash could be used as brick material. The bonding strength can be further enhanced by controlling operating conditions.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
AASHTO. ( 1982). “AASHTO T-99 standard test methods for moisture-density relations of soils and soil-aggregate mixtures using 5.5 lb rammer and 12 in. drop.” Standard specifications for highway materials and methods of sampling and testing, Part II, Washington, D.C.
2.
Alleman, J. E., and Berman, N. A. (1984). “Constructive sludge management: Biobrick.”J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 110(2), 301–311.
3.
Alleman, J. E., Bryan, E. H., and Stumm, T. A. ( 1990). “Sludge-amended brick production: Applicability for metal-laden residues.” Water Sci. and Technol., 22(12), 309–317.
4.
ASTM. ( 1998). “ASTM C67 standard test method for sampling and test brick and structural clay tile.” Annual book of ASTM standards, Sec. 4, Construction, 04.08, 04.09, Soil and rock (I) and (II), West Conshohocken, Pa.
5.
CNS Catalog. ( 1999a). “CNS1127 method of test for general types of bricks for building.” CNS Catalog, R3042 Ceramic Industry, Pottery Wares, Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection Ministry of Economic Affairs, Republic of China.
6.
CNS Catalog. ( 1999b). “CNS382 Bricks for Building.” CNS Catalog, R2002 Ceramic Industry, Pottery Wares, Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection Ministry of Economic Affairs, Republic of China.
7.
Okuno, N., and Takahashi, S. ( 1997). “Full scale application of manufacturing bricks from sewage.” Water Sci. and Technol., 36(11), 243–250.
8.
Republic of China-Environmental Protection Agency (ROC-EPA). ( 1997). “Methods for waste analysis.” NIEA-R201.10T/NIEA-R208. 00T, (in Chinese).
9.
Tay, J.-H. (1987). “Bricks manufactured from sludge.”J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 113(2), 278–283.
10.
Tay, J.-H., and Show, K. Y. (1993). “Manufacture of cement from sewage sludge.”J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg., ASCE, 5(1), 19–29.
11.
Tay, J.-H., and Show, K.-Y. ( 1999). “Constructive sludge disposal option converting sludge into innovative civil engineering materials.” Proc., 7th International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ) Asia-Pacific Regional Conf., Taipei, Taiwan, 1023–1028.
12.
Trauner, E. J. (1993). “Sludge ash bricks fired to above and below ash-vitrifying temperature.”J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 119(3), 506–519.
13.
Wiebusch, B., and Seyfried, C. F. ( 1997). “Utilization of sewage sludge ashes in the brick and tile industry.” Water Sci. and Technol., 36(11), 251–258.
14.
Wray, W. K. ( 1985). “Atterberg limits.” Chapter 4: Measuring engineering properties of soil, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 127 • Issue 10 • October 2001
Pages: 922 - 927
History
Received: Dec 14, 2000
Published online: Oct 1, 2001
Published in print: Oct 2001
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.