Enhanced Solubility and Biodegradation of Naphthalene with Biosurfactant
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 126, Issue 7
Abstract
Biosurfactant was produced by fermenting kerosene and used vegetable oil using a Pseudomonas sp. under nonsterile conditions. The biosurfactant at a concentration of 0.5 g/L and pH of 10.5 lowered the surface tension of water to 25 mN/m. The biosurfactant was used to enhance the solubility of naphthalene, and the results are compared to an anionic (sodium dedecyl sulfate) and a nonionic (Triton X-100) surfactant. The biosurfactant (5 g/L at pH of 7) enhanced the solubility of naphthalene to more than 30 times its aqueous solubility. Solubilized naphthalene in Triton X-100 and biosurfactant solutions was biodegraded by the same microorganism that produced the biosurfactant. Naphthalene solubilized in biosurfactant and Triton X-100 (400–600 mg/L) was biodegraded in 40 days and 100 h, respectively. Naphthalene in the amount of 30 mg/L was degraded by the Pseudomonas sp. in 2 days. The biosurfactant was also biodegraded during the biodegradation of naphthalene, but this was not the case with Triton X-100. The biodegradation of the biosurfactant appeared to compete with the biodegradation of naphthalene. Sodium dedecyl sulfate inhibited the biodegradation of naphthalene at the conditions studied.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
1997 CERCLA priority list of hazardous substances. (1997). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C.
2.
ASTM. ( 1997). “Standard test method for surface and interfacial tension of solutions of surface-active agents.” D 1331-89, West Conshohocken, Pa.
3.
ASTM. ( 1995). “Standard test method for biodegradability of alkylbenzene sulfonates.” D 2667-89, West Conshohocken, Pa.
4.
Auger, R. L., Jacobson, A. M., and Domach, M. M. (1995). “Effect of nonionic surfactant addition on bacterial metabolism of naphthalene: Assessment of toxicity and overflow metabolism potential.” J. Haz. Mat., 43(3), 263–272.
5.
Buitron, G., and Capdeville, B. (1993). “Uptake rate and mineralization of hexadecane and naphthalene by a mixed aerobic culture.” Water Res., 27(5), 847–853.
6.
Cerniglia, C. E. (1992). “Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.” Biodegradation, 3(2–3), 351–368.
7.
Chang, R. (1984). Chemistry, 7th Ed., Random House, New York.
8.
Desai, J. D., and Banat, I. M. (1997). “Microbial production of surfactants and their commercial potential.” Microbiology and Molecular Biol. Rev., 61(1), 47–64.
9.
Edwards, D. A., Liu, Z., and Luthy, R. G. (1994). “Surfactant solubilization of organic compounds in soil/aqueous systems.”J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 120(1), 5–22.
10.
Edwards, D. A., Luthy, R. G., and Liu, Z. (1991). “Solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in micellar nonionic surfactant solutions.” Envir. Sci. and Technol., 25(1), 127–133.
11.
Ghoshal, S., Ramaswami, A., and Luthy, R. G. (1996). “Biodegradation of naphthalene from coal tar and heptamethylnonane in mixed batch systems.” Envir. Sci. and Technol., 30(4), 1282–1291.
12.
Ghurye, G. L., Vipulanandan, C., and Willson, R. C. (1994). “A practical approach to biosurfactant production using nonaseptio fermentation of mixed cultures.” Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 44(5), 661– 666.
13.
Handbook of fine chemicals. (1995). Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh.
14.
Hariharan, S. ( 1996). “Production of biosurfactant from used vegetable oil and use for lead precipitation.” Master's thesis, Dept. of Civ. and Envir. Engrg., University of Houston, Houston, Tex.
15.
Herman, D. C., Lenhard, R. J., and Miller, R. M. (1997). “Formation and removal of hydrocarbon residual in porous media: Effects of attached bacteria and biosurfactants.” Envir. Sci. and Technol., 31(5), 1290–1294.
16.
Hess, W. T. ( 1980). “Hydrogen peroxide,” Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology, 4th Ed., Vol. 13, M. Howe-Grant, ed., Wiley, New York, 961–995.
17.
Hodge, J. E., and Hofreiter, B. T. ( 1962). “Determination of reducing sugars and carbohydrates.” Methods in carbohydrate chemistry, Vol. 1, Sect. 4. R. L. Whistler and M. L. Wolfrom, eds., Academic, New York, 389–391.
18.
Jafvert, C. T., Van Hoof, P. L., and Heath, J. K. (1994). “Solubilization of non-polar compounds by non-ionic surfactant micelles.” Water Res., 28(5), 1009–1017.
19.
Kanga, S. A., Bonner, J. S., Page, C. A., Mills, M. A., and Autenrieth, R. L. (1997). “Solubilization of naphthalene and methyl-substituted naphthalenes from crude oil using biosurfactants.” Envir. Sci. and Technol., 31(2), 556–561.
20.
Kawahara, F. K., Davila, B., Al-Abed, S. R., Vesper, S. J., Ireland, J. C., and Rock S. (1995). “Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) release from soil during treatment with Fenton's reagent.” Chemosphere, 31(9), 4131–4142.
21.
Lewis, R. J., Sr. (1995). Hazardous chemical desk reference, 2nd Ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
22.
Liu, Z., Jacobson, A. M., and Luthy, R. G. (1995). “Biodegradation of naphthalene in aqueous nonionic surfactant systems.” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 61(1), 145–151.
23.
Mackay, D. M., and Cherry, J. A. (1989). “Ground water contamination: Pumping-and-treat remediation.” Envir. Sci. and Technol., 23(6), 630–636.
24.
Magdaliniuk, S., Block, J. C., Leyval, C., Bottero, J. Y., Villemin, G., and Babut, M. (1995). “Biodegradation of naphthalene in montmorillonite/polyacrylamide suspensions.” Water Sci. and Technol., 31(1), 85–94.
25.
Mercade, M. E., and Manresa, M. A. (1994). “The use of agroindustrial by-products for biosurfactant production.” J. Am. Oil Chemists Soc., 71(1), 61–64.
26.
“Micro protein determination.” (1994). Procedure No. 610, Sigma Diagnostics, St. Louis.
27.
Mihelcic, J. R., McNally, D. L., and Lueking, D. R. ( 1995). “Effect of different surfactant concentrations on naphthalene biodegradation.” Surfactant-enhanced subsurface remediation, ACS Symp. Ser. 594, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
28.
Morio, Y., Mitsunobu, K., Morisue, T., Kadobayashi, Y., and Sakai, M. (1995). “Solubilization of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, and pyrene in 1-dodecanesulfonic acid micelle.” J. Phys. Chem., 99(8), 2372–2376.
29.
Pennel, K. D., Adinolfi, A. M., Abriola, L. M., and Diallo, M. S. (1997). “Solubilization of dodecane, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,2-dichloroethylene in micellar solutions of ethoxylated nonionic surfactants.” Envir. Sci. and Technol., 31(5), 1382–1389.
30.
Sabatini, D. A., Knox, R. C., and Harwell, J. H. ( 1995). “Emerging technologies” Surfactant-enhanced subsurface remediation, ACS Symp. Ser. 594, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 2–8.
31.
Sittig, M. (1991). Handbook of toxic and hazardous chemicals and carcinogens, 3rd Ed., Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, N.J.
32.
Underwood, J. L., Debelak, K., Wilson, D. J., and Means, J. M. (1993). “Soil clean up by in-situ surfactant flushing. Micellar solubilization of some aromatic contaminants.” Separation Sci. and Technol., 28(8), 1527–1537.
33.
Valsaraj, K. T., Gupta, A., and Harrison, D. P. (1988). “Partitioning of chloromethanes between aqueous and surfactant micellar phases.” Water Res., 22(9), 1173–1183.
34.
West, C. C. ( 1995). “Surfactant-enhanced remediation of subsurface contamination.” Surfactant-enhanced subsurface remediation, ACS Symp. Ser. 594, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 281–285.
35.
Zhang, Y., and Miller, R. M. (1992). “Enhanced octadecane dispersion and biodegradation by a Pseudomonas rhamnolipid surfactant (biosurfactant).” Appl. Envir. Microbiology, 58(10), 3276–3282.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 126 • Issue 7 • July 2000
Pages: 629 - 634
History
Received: Jul 21, 1998
Published online: Jul 1, 2000
Published in print: Jul 2000
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.