Stream Temperature Dynamics in Upland Agricultural Watersheds
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 126, Issue 6
Abstract
A numerical model to compute the free-surface flow hydrodynamics and stream temperature dynamics by solving the depth-averaged, 1D unsteady flow and heat transport equations is presented. The hydrodynamics model considers the effects of arbitrary stream geometry, variable slopes, variable flow regimes, and unsteady boundary conditions. The thermal transport model accounts for the effects of solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, cloud cover, wind speed, heat conduction between water and streambed, subsurface flow, and shading by riparian vegetation. The model is verified with measurements in a stream in an upland agricultural watershed located in Indiana. Diurnal variations in the streamflow and stream temperatures are highly transient. The proposed model predicted well the streamflow and stream temperatures that were measured every 15 min over 25 days. The results of this study demonstrate that the solar (shortwave) radiation and subsurface inflow are the most significant contributors to the stream heat budget.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 126 • Issue 6 • June 2000
Pages: 518 - 526
History
Received: Jun 14, 1999
Published online: Jun 1, 2000
Published in print: Jun 2000
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