Diffusion and Sorption of Hexachlorobenzene in Sediments and Saturated Soils
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 125, Issue 8
Abstract
In order to understand the transport and fate of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) in consolidated sediments and saturated soils, long-term (up to 512 d), one-dimensional, time-dependent diffusion experiments were done with a representative HOC, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), in three different sediments and soils. In addition, long-term HCB partitioning experiments in suspended sediments at high concentrations and tritiated water diffusion experiments in consolidated sediments were done in order to more accurately interpret the HCB diffusion experiments. Numerical models were used to analyze the results. Good agreement between the experimental data and calculated results was obtained. Despite the length of the experiments, the experimental results demonstrate that the HCB in the consolidated sediments was far from a steady-state chemical equilibrium. Experiments and theoretical results also indicate that the assumption of local chemical equilibrium was not valid, and sorption rates must therefore be considered for a valid analysis of transport.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Berner, R. A. (1980). Early diagenesis: A theoretical approach. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
2.
Borglin, S., Wilke, A., Jepsen, R., and Lick, W. (1996). “Parameters affecting the desorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals from suspended sediments.” Envir. Toxicology and Chem., 15, 2254–2262.
3.
Coates, K. H., and Smith, B. D. (1964). “Dead-end pore volume and disperson in porous media.” Soc. Petrol. Engrg. J., 4, 73–84.
4.
Harmon, T. C., Ball, H. P., and Roberts, P. V. ( 1989). “Nonequilibrium transport of organic contaminants in groundwater.” Reactions and movements of organic chemicals in soils, B. L. Sawhney and K. Brown, eds., Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wis.
5.
Harmon, T. C., and Roberts, P. V. (1992). “Determining sand modeling mass-transfer rate limitations in heterogeneous aquifers.” Water Sci. Technol., 26, 71–77.
6.
Jepsen, R., and Lick, W. (1996). “Parameters affecting the adsorption of PCBs to suspended sediments.” J. Great Lakes Res., 22, 341–353.
7.
Jepsen, R., and Lick, W. (1999). “Nonlinear and interactive effects in the sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals by sediments.” Envir. Toxicology and Chem., in press.
8.
Jepsen, R., Borglin, S., Lick, W., and Swackhamer, D. (1995). “Parameters affecting the adsorption of hexachlorobenzene to natural sediments.” Envir. Toxicology and Chem., 14, 1487–1497.
9.
Lick, W., and Rapaka, V. (1996). “A quantitative analysis of the dynamics of the sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals to suspended sediments.” Envir. Toxicology and Chem., 15, 1038–1048.
10.
Lick, W., Chroneer, Z., and Rapaka, V. (1997). “Modeling the dynamics of the sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals to suspended sediments.” Water, Air and Soil Pollution, Dordrecht, 99, 225–235.
11.
McKay, A. A., Chin, Y., Macfarlane, J., and Gschwend, P. M. (1996). “Laboratory assessment of BTEX soil flushing.” Envir. Sci. and Technol., 30, 3223–3231.
12.
Nkedi-Kizza, P. et al. (1984). “On the equivalence of two conceptual models for describing ion exchange during transport through an aggregated oxisol.” Water Resour. Res., 20, 1123–1130.
13.
Nkedi-Kizza, P., Brusseau, M. L., Rao, P. S. C., and Hornsby, M. U. (1989). “Nonequilibrium sorption during displacement of hydrophobic organic chemicals and 45Ca through soil columns with aquaeous and mixed solvents.” Envir. Sci. and Technol., 23, 814–820.
14.
Singh, G., van Genuchten, M. Th., Spencer, W. F., Cliath, M. M., and Yates, S. R. (1996). “Measured and predicted transport of two s-triazine herbicides through soil columns.” Water, Air and Soil Solution, 86, 137–149.
15.
Tye, R., Jepsen, R., and Lick, W. (1996). “Effects of colloids, flocculation, particle size, and organic matter on the adsorption of hexachlorobenzene to sediments.” Envir. Toxicology and Chem., 15, 643–651.
16.
van Genuchten, M. T., and Wierenga, P. J. (1976). “Mass transfer studies in sorbing porous media. I: Analytical solutions.” Soil Sci. Soc. of Am. J., 40, 473–483.
17.
Wu, S., and Gschwend, P. M. (1986). “Sorption kinetics of hydrophobic organic compounds to natural sediments and soils.” Envir. Sci. and Technol., 20, 717–725.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 125 • Issue 8 • August 1999
Pages: 689 - 696
History
Published online: Aug 1, 1999
Published in print: Aug 1999
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.