Removal of Emulsified PHCs from Brackish Water by Coagulation
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 125, Issue 12
Abstract
Chemical coagulation is a well-known method for removing colloidal particles that cause turbidity in water. In this study coagulation was used to remove emulsified petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) found in fuel oils from brackish water. Comparison of the total ion chromatograms of PHCs before and after coagulation clearly showed that PHCs with carbon numbers between 11 and 35 (naphthalene to pentatriacotane) with long chain alkanes were removed completely from the brackish water by coagulation followed by settling. Smaller carbon number (C7–C9) benzene derivatives were partially removed. For the PHCs with smaller carbon numbers, the removal efficiency increased with increasing carbon number.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Amirtharajah, A. (1990). “Coagulation: Rejuvenation for a classical process.” Water, Engrg. and Mgmt., 137(10), 25–32.
2.
AWWA Coagulation Committee. (1989). “Committee report: Coagulation as an integrated water treatment process.” J. AWWA, 81(10), 72–78.
3.
Biswas, N., and Lazarescu, G. (1991). “Removal of oil from emulsions using electrocoagulation.” Int. J. Envir. Studies, 38(1), 65–75.
4.
Dennett, K. E., Amirtharajah, A., Morgan, T. F., and Gould, J. P. (1996). “Coagulation: Its effect on organic matter.” J. AWWA, 88(4), 129–142.
5.
Dimitric-Clark, V., and Tansel, B. ( 1999). “Characterization of microscopic oil-polyelectrolyte interactions during coagulation by image processing.” Artificial intelligence and mathematical methods in pavement and geomechanical systems, N. O. Attoh-Okine, ed., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 171–178.
6.
Edzwald, J. K. (1993). “Coagulation in drinking water treatment: Particles, organics and coagulants.” Water Sci. Technol., 27(11), 21–35.
7.
Frenkel, V., and Gourgi, T. (1995). “Brackish water RO desalination plant in the Gaza Strip.” Desalination, 101(1), 47–50.
8.
Glueckstern, P., and Priel, M. (1997). “Optimized water desalination plants with minimum impact on the environment.” Desalination, 108(1-3), 19–26.
9.
Huang, C., and Shiu, H. (1996). “Interactions between alum and organics in coagulation.” Colloids and Surfaces. A: Physicochemical and Engrg. Aspects, 113(1-2), 155–163.
10.
Julien, F., Guerouex, B., and Mazet, M. (1994). “Comparison of organic compounds removal by coagulation-flocculation and adsorption onto preformed hydroxide flocs.” Water Res., 28(12), 2567–2574.
11.
Lurie, M., and Rebhun, M. (1997). “Effect of properties of polyelectrolytes on their interaction with particulates and soluble organics.” Water Sci. and Technol., 36(4), 93–101.
12.
Manahan, S. E. (1991). Environmental chemistry, 5th Ed., Lewis, Chelsea, Mich.
13.
Narkis, N., Ghattas, B., Rebhun, M., and Rubin, J. A. (1991). “The mechanism of flocculation with aluminum salts in combination with polymeric flocculants as flocculant aids.” Water Supply, 9(1), 37–44.
14.
Randtke, S. J. (1988). “Organic contaminant removal by coagulation and related process combinations.” J. AWWA, 80(5), 50–56.
15.
Rubin, H., and Mechrez, E. ( 1989). Transport of organic pollutants in a multiple system. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, 231–250.
16.
Schwarz, S., Buchhammer, H. M., Lunkwitz, K., and Jacobasch, H. J. (1998). “Polyelectrolyte adsorption on charged surfaces: Study by electrokinetic measurements.” Colloids and Surfaces. A: Pysicochemical and Engrg. Aspects, 140(1-3), 377–384.
17.
Tambo, N., and Kamei, T. (1998). “Coagulation and flocculation on water quality matrix.” Water Sci. and Technol., 37(10), 31–41.
18.
Tasaka, K., Katsura, T., Iwahori, H., and Kamiyama, Y. (1994). “Analysis of RO elements operated at more than 80 plants in Japan.” Desalination, 96(1-3), 259–272.
19.
Verschueren, K. (1983). Handbook of environmental data on organic chemicals. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
20.
Vickers, J. C., Thompson, M. A., and Kelkar, U. G. (1995). “Use of membrane filtration in conjunction with coagulation processes for improved NOM removal.” Desalination, 80(1-2), 57–61.
21.
Watson, B., Marks, G., Gabbrielli, E., and Chapple, L. (1994). Desalination, 96(1-3), 369–377.
22.
Weber, J. W. Jr. (1972). Physicochemical processes for water quality control. Wiley, New York.
23.
Webster, L., Huglin, M. B., and Robb, I. D. (1997). “Complex formation between polyelectrolytes in dilute aqueous solution.” Polymer, 38(6), 1373–1380.
24.
Yanada, H., and Okumura, R. (1997). “Coagulation of particles in oil by an A.C. electric field.” J. Mech. Engrg. Sci., 211(6), 451–471.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 125 • Issue 12 • December 1999
Pages: 1173 - 1176
History
Received: Jun 12, 1998
Published online: Dec 1, 1999
Published in print: Dec 1999
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.