Liquid-Liquid Extraction for Surfactant-Contaminant Separation and Surfactant Reuse
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 123, Issue 7
Abstract
Liquid-liquid extraction was investigated for use with surfactant enhanced subsurface remediation. A surfactant liquid-liquid extraction model (SLLEM) was developed for batch equilibrium conditions based on contaminant partitioning between micellar, water, and solvent phases. The accuracy of this fundamental model was corroborated with experimental results (using naphthalene and phenanthrene as contaminants and squalane as the extracting solvent). The SLLEM model was then expanded to nonequilibrium conditions. The effectiveness of this nonequilibrium model was corroborated with experimental results from continuous flow hollow fiber membrane systems. The validated models were used to conduct a sensitivity analysis evaluating the effects of surfactants on the removal of the contaminants in liquid-liquid extraction systems. In addition, liquid-liquid extraction is compared to air stripping for surfactant-contaminant separation. Finally, conclusions are drawn as to the impact of surfactants on liquid-liquid extraction processes, and the significance of these impacts on the optimization of surfactant-enhanced subsurface remediation.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Adamson, A. A. (1990). Physical chemistry of surfaces. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., 151–155, 4–15, 493–498.
2.
Ang, C. C., and Abdul, A. S.(1994). “Evaluation of an ultrafiltration method for surfactant recovery and reuse during in situ washing of contaminated sites: laboratory and field studies.”Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, 14, 160–171.
3.
Barbari, T. A., and King, C. J.(1982). “Equilibrium distribution coefficients for extraction of chlorinated hydrocarbons and aromatics from water into undecane.”Envir. Sci. and Technol., 16, 624–627.
4.
Canter, L. W., and Knox, R. C. (1986). Ground water pollution control. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Mich.
5.
Cherry, J. A., Fenestra, S., and McKay, D. M. (1992). “Developing rational goals for in-situ remedial technologies.”Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. for Ground Water Quality Res,
6.
Edwards, D. A., Luthy, R. G., and Liu, Z.(1991). “Solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in micellar nonionic surfactant solutions.”Envir. Sci. and Technol., 25, 127–133.
7.
Haarhoff, J. (1988). “Airstrip Documentation.” release 1.0.
8.
Haley, J. L., Hanson, B., Enfield, C., and Glass, J. (1991). “Evaluating the effectiveness of groundwater extraction systems.”Ground Water Monitoring Rev., 119–124.
9.
Harwell, J. H. (1992). “Transport and remediation of subsurface contaminants,” D. A. Sabatini and R. C. Know, eds., ACS Symposium Series 491, Am. Chemical Soc., Washington, D.C., 124–132.
10.
Hasegawa, M. A. (1994). “Liquid-liquid extraction for surfactant-contaminant separation and surfactant reuse.” Univ. of Oklahoma, School of Civ. Engrg., Normal, Okla.
11.
Hewes, C., Smith, W., and Davison, R.(1974). “Comparative analysis of solvent extraction and stripping in wastewater treatment.”AIChE Symp. Ser., 144(70), 54–60.
12.
Hiler, G. V., and Cameron, S. D. (1985). “Liquid-liquid extraction of trace level pesticides from process streams.”EPA-600/s2-94-195, U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
13.
Hutter, J. C., and Vandegrift, G. F. (1992). “Decontamination of groundwater by using membrane asssisted solvent extraction.”Environmental Remediation, 47–60.
14.
Kiani, A., Bhave, R. R., and Sirkar, K. K.(1984). “Solvent extraction with immobilized interfaces in a microporous hydrophobic membrane.”J. Membrane Sci.,, 20(125), 119–145.
15.
King, C. J., Barbari, T. A., Joshi, D. C., Bell, N. E., and Senatar, J. J. (1984). “Equilibrium distribution coefficients for extraction of organic priority pollutants from water.”EPA-600/S2-84-060, U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Washington, D. C.
16.
Knox, R. C., Sabatini, D. A., and Canter, L. W. (1993). Subsurface transport and fate processes. Lewis Publishing, Boca Raton, Fla.
17.
Krebbs-Yuill, B., Harwell, J. H., Sabatini, D. A., and Knox, R. C. (1995). “Economic considerations in surfactant-enhanced pump-and-treat.”Surfactant Enhanced Subsurface Remediation: Emerging Technologies; ACS Symp. Ser. No. 594, Am. Chemical Soc., Washington, D.C., 265–278.
18.
Lipe, K. M., Sabatini, D. A., Hasegawa, M. A., and Harwell, J. H.(1996). “Micellar enhanced ultrafiltration and air stripping surfactant-contaminant separation and surfactant reuse.”Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation, 16, 85–92.
19.
Nash, J. H. (1987). “Field studies of in-situ washing.”EPA/600/2-87/110; U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
20.
Perry, R. H., and Green, D. (1984). Perry's chemical engineer's handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N.Y., 3–247, 3–287.
21.
Prasad, R., Frank, G. T., and Sirkar, K. K. (1989). “Nondispersive solvent extraction using microporous membranes.”AIChE Symp. Ser., 261 (84).
22.
Roberts, B. (1993). “The use of micellar-enhanced ultra filtration for the recovery and concentration of trichloroethylene from ground water.” Univ. of Oklahoma, School of Chemical Engrg., 1–35
23.
Rosen, M. J. (1988). Surfactants and interfacial phenomena. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., 108–205.
24.
Rouse, J. D., Sabatini, D. A., and Harwell, J. H. (1993). “Minimizing surfactant losses using twin-head anionic surfactants in subsurface remediation.”Envir. Sci. and Technol., 27(10).
25.
Semmens, M. S., Qin, R., and Zander, A. (1989). “Using a microporous hollow fiber membrane to separate VOCs from water.”J. AWWA, 162–167.
26.
Shiau, B. J., Sabatini, D. A., and Harwell, J. H.(1994). “Solubilization and microemulsification of chlorinated solvents using direct food additive (edible) surfactants.”Ground Water, 32, 561–569.
27.
Zander, A. K. (1989). “Membrane/oil stripping of VOCs from water in hollow-fiber contactor.”JEED-ASCE, 5(115), 768–783
28.
Zander, A. K., Chen, J. S., and Semmens, M. J.(1992). “Removal of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers from water by membrane extraction into oil.”Water Res., 26(2), 129–137.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jul 1, 1997
Published in print: Jul 1997
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.