Large-Volume Samples for Cryptosporidium and Giardia from Small Streams
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 123, Issue 1
Abstract
Sampling the headwaters of tributaries for the parasitic protozoa Giardia and Cryptosporidium presents challenges, especially because calculated limits of detection are dependent on volumes of water filtered with a sampling apparatus. The design for sampling equipment analyzed here is useful for sampling waters of low to moderate sediment-generated turbidity and has been tested in the Catskill Mountains of New York State. It is highly portable and operates under gravity head. It can be left unattended, provided that conditions at sampled sites are favorable for completing collection of a sample. In all field applications, it met or exceeded federally recommended sample volumes. Tests with suspended sediment indicate that the sampler will filter at least 140 L (35 gal.) if sediment-generated turbidities are less than 140 NTU and elevation head is between 1–4 m. If turbidity at sites of interest is related primarily to suspended sediments, this testing method may be useful for raw water sampling.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Ciaccio, L., ed. (1971). Water and water pollution handbook, Vol. 1, Marcell Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y.
2.
Faber, W. W. (1993). “Farm “micro” study of parasites.”EPA Filtration Avoidance Item 10m—Preliminary Rep., New York City Dept. of Envir. Protection, New York, N.Y.
3.
Monzingo, D. L. J. (1985). “The prevalence of giardia in a beaver colony and the resulting environmental contamination,” PhD dissertation, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, Colo.
4.
Morisawa, M. (1968). Streams and their dynamics and morphology. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N.Y.
5.
Nieminski, E. C., Schaefer, F. W., and Ongerth, J. E.(1995). “Comparison of two methods for detection of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in water.”Appl. Envir. Microbiol., 61(5), 1714–1719.
6.
Ongley, E., and Blachford, D. P.(1982). “Application of continuous flow centrifugation to contaminant analysis of suspended sediment in fluvial systems.”Envir. Technol. Letters, 3, 219–228.
7.
Sorenson, S., Dileanis, P., and Riggs, J. (1986). “Occurrence of Giardia cysts in streams in the Sierra Nevada, California.”Proc., Int. Symp. on Water-Related Health Issues, C. L. Tate, ed., Am. Water Resour. Assoc., Bethesda, Md., 161–165.
8.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).(1994). “National primary drinking water regulations: monitoring requirements for public drinking water supplies: Cryptosporidium, Giardia, viruses, disinfection byproducts, water treatment plant data and other information requirements.”Fed. Register, 59(28), 6332–6444.
9.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).(1996). “National primary drinking water regulations: monitoring requirements for public drinking water supplies: final rule.”Fed. Register, 61(94), 24354–24388.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 123 • Issue 1 • January 1997
Pages: 89 - 92
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jan 1, 1997
Published in print: Jan 1997
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.