Swirl Technology: Enhancement of Design, Evaluation, and Application
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 122, Issue 8
Abstract
While different forms of swirl and vortex technologies have been developed during the last thirty years, their major function has been the dual purpose of flow regulation and settleable-solids concentration for combined sewer overflows. A variety of opinions have developed regarding the application of these technologies, which vary from overwhelming support to reservations of their effectiveness. Performance of swirl/vortex devices depends on the settling characteristics of the suspended solids and the fraction of dissolved solids in the storm flow. When correctly installed with other controls of the combined-sewerage or separately sewered storm-water system, swirl/vortex devices can play an important role in combined sewer overflow and storm-water discharge pollution control. Reliable determination of performance depends principally upon accurate sampling techniques, suspended solids and other pollutant analyses, and settling-velocity distribution of the influent and effluent. Simultaneous flow-rate measurement synchronized to sampling times is also necessary. This paper discusses design, evaluation, and application practice enhancements for the use of swirl/vortex technologies as part of a combined sewer overflow and storm-water pollution control system.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Boner, M. C., Harper, S. R., Patrick, G. C., Ghosh, D. R., and Cairns, W. L. (1994). “Optimization of vortex separator removal efficiencies for CSO treatment.”Proj. 92-TCR-2, Preliminary Findings, Water Envir. Res. Found., Alexandria, Va.
2.
Brombach, H., Xanthopoulos, C., Hahn, H. H., and Pisano, W. C. (1993). “Experience with vortex separators for combined sewer overflow control.”Water Sci. Technol., 27(5–6), 93–104.
3.
Drehwing, F. J., Oliver, A. J., MacArthur, D. A., and Moffa, P. E. (1979). “Disinfection/treatment of combined sewer overflows.”Rep. No. EPA-600/2-79-134 (NTIS PB 80-113 459), U.S. EPA, Edison, N.J.
4.
Field, R. (1978). USEPA Memorandum Trip Rep., U.S. EPA, Edison, N.J.
5.
Field, R. (1986). “State-of-the-art update on combined sewer overflow control.”Critical Rev. in Envir. Engrg., 16(2).
6.
Field, R., and Masters, H. (1977). “Swirl device for regulating and treating combined sewer overflows.”Rep. No. EPA-625/2-77-012 (NTIS PB 299 571), U.S. EPA, Edison, N.J.
7.
H. I. L. Technology Inc. (1991). Brochure, Portland, Maine.
8.
Lygren, E., and Damhaug, T. (1986). “The swirl concentrator as an urban runoff treatment device.”Proc., NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Urban Runoff Pollution, H. C. Torno et al., eds., Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 713–724.
9.
Michelbach, S., and Wöhrle, C. (1993). “Settleable solids in a combined sewer system, settling characteristics, heavy metals, efficiency of storm water tanks.”Water Sci. Technol., 27(5–6), 153–164.
10.
NWRW (1989). Dutch National Research Programme on Sewerage and Water Quality (NWRW), Pre-Conference, September 19, 1989, at the Second Wageningen Conference on “Urban Stormwater Quality and Ecological Effects upon Receiving Waters,” September 20–22, 1989, Wageningen, Netherlands.
11.
O'Brien and Gere Engineers Inc. (1992). CSO abatement program: Segment I—Performance Evaluation . Water and Sewer Utility Administration, Washington, D.C.
12.
Pisano, W. C., Connick, D. J., and Aronson, G. L. (1984). “Swirl and helical bend regulator/concentrator for storm and combined sewer overflow control.”Rep. No. EPA-600/2-84/151 (NTIS PB 85-102 523), U.S. EPA, Edison, N.J.
13.
Shelly, G. J., Stone, P. B., and Cullen, A. J. (1981). “Field evaluation of a swirl degritter at Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia.”Rep. No. EPA-600/2-81-063 (NTIS PB 81-187 247), U.S. EPA, Edison, N.J.
14.
“Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater.” (1992). 18th Ed.; Section 2540F, Am. Public Health Assoc., Am. Water Works Assoc., and Water Envir. Federation, Washington, D.C.
15.
Sullivan, R. H., Cohn, M. M., Coombes, J. P., and Smisson, B. S. (1972). “The swirl concentrator as a combined sewer overflow regulator facility.”Rep. No. EPA-R2-72-008 (NTIS PB 214 687), U.S. EPA, Edison, N.J.
16.
Sullivan, R. H., Cohn, M. M., Ure, J. E., Parkinson, F. E., and Galiana, G. (1974). “Relationship between diameter and height for design of a swirl concentrator as a combined sewer overflow regulator.”Rep. No. EPA-670/2-74-039 (NTIS PB 234 646), U.S. EPA, Edison, N.J.
17.
Sullivan, R. H., Ure, J. E., and Zielinski, P. (1977). “Field prototype demonstration of the swirl degritter.”Rep. No. EPA-600/2-77-185 (NTIS PB 272 668), U.S. EPA, Edison, N.J.
18.
Sullivan, R. H., Ure, J. E., Parkinson, F., and Zielinski, P. (1982). “Design manual—Swirl and helical bend pollution control devices.”Rep. No. EPA-600/8-82/013 (NTIS PB 82-266 172), U.S. EPA, Edison, N.J.
19.
Walker, D., Golden, J., Bingham, D., and Driscoll, E. (1993). “Manual: Combined sewer overflow control.”Rep. No. EPA/625/R-93/007 (NTIS PB 93-144 649), U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Aug 1, 1996
Published in print: Aug 1996
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.