Industrial‐Waste Land Treatment Practices

Existing land treatment systems in the food-processing and pulp-and-paper industries are surveyed to obtain site and operation information. The results indicate that: (1) Land treatment is used as a waste-management technology at 117 facilities in these industries; (2) application of solids is common in the pulp-and-paper industry while slow-rate irrigation of wastewater is more common in the food-processing industry; and (3) grasses are the most common crop although multicropping of corn, alfalfa, grains, and grasses occurred. In these industries, more than 60,500,000 m³ (16,000,000 gal.) of wastewater and about 300,000 dry metric tons (328,000 dry tons) of solid waste are applied annually. Most sites are less than 80 ha (200 acres) although one was 970 ha (2,400 acres).