PCE Volatilized from Stagnant Water and Soil
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 115, Issue 6
Abstract
Batch equilibrium studies are conducted under controlled laboratory conditions to determine the volatilization rate for perchloroethylene (PCE) from water and soil. The PCE is observed to volatilize rapidly from water. The rate of volatilization and the rate constant of PCE from water are found to increase with an increase in area to volume ratio but are independent of aqueous PCE concentration. Rate constants determined in this study indicate that aqueous PCE volatilizes faster from soil than from water. However, volatilization from soil depends not only on area to volume ratio but also on the presence of organic carbon and concentration of aqueous PCE applied to the soil. The greater the organic carbon of soil media content, the slower is the rate of volatilization. The rate of volatilization of pure PCE from soil is comparatively low and is greatly retarded by organic carbon content of the soil. A flux experiment is also carried out with pure PCE. The results indicate a low flux rate of submerged PCE into a stagnant water column.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Abdel‐Gawad, S. T. (1985). “Mixing and decay of pollutants from shore‐based outfalls discharging into cross‐flowing streams,” dissertation presented to the University of Windsor, at Windsor, Ont., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
2.
Black, C. A. (1965). Methods of soil analysis: Part 1. Amer. Soc. of Agron., Madison, Wis., 1809.
3.
Callahan, M. A., et al. (1979). “Water‐related environmental fate of 129 priority pollutants.” EPA‐440/4‐79‐029a, U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Office of Water Planning and Standards, Washington, D.C.
4.
Dietz, E. A., and Singley, K. F. (1979). “Determination of chlorinated hydrocarbons in water by headspace gas chromatography.” Anal. Chem., 51(11), 1809–1814.
5.
Dilling, W. L., Tefertiller, N. B., and Kallos, G. J. (1975). “Evaporation rates and reactivities of methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,1,1‐trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and other chlorinated compounds in dilute aqueous solutions.” Envir. Sci. Tech., 9(9), 833–838.
6.
Dupont, R. R., and Reineman, J. A. (1986). “Evaluation of volatilization of hazardous constituents at hazardous waste land treatment sites.” EPA/600/S2‐86/071, U.S. Envir. Protection Agency.
7.
Gowda, T. P. H., and Lock, J. D. (1984). “Volatilization rates of organic chemicals of public health concern.” Proc. Tech. Transfer Conference No 5, Policy and Planning Branch, Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, Ontario, 125–162.
8.
Hamaker, J. W. (1972). Decomposition: Quantitative aspects in organic chemicals in the soil environment, C. A. Goring and H. W. Hamaker, et al., eds., Marcel Deker Inc., New York, N.Y., 440.
9.
Kilzer, L., et al. (1979). “Laboratory screening of the volatilization rates of organic chemicals from soil and water.” Chemosphere, No. 10, Pergamon Press Ltd., Great Britain, 751–761.
10.
Lewis, W. K., and Whitman, W. G. (1924). “Principles of gas adsorption.” Ind. Engrg. Chem., 16, 1215.
11.
Mackay, D., and Yeun, A. T. K. (1983). “Mass transfer coefficient correlations for volatilization of organic solutes from water.” Envir. Sci. Tech., 17(4), 211–217.
12.
Matter‐Mueller, C., Gujer, W., and Giger, W. (1981). “Transfer of volatile substances from water to the atmosphere.” Water Res., 15(11), Great Britain, 1271–1279.
13.
Namkung, E., and Rittman, B. E. (1987). “Estimating volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from publicly owned treatment works (POTWs).” J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 59(7), 670–678.
14.
Nat. Res. Council. (1961). Proceedings of hydrology symposium no. 2—Evaporation. Dept. of Northern Affairs and Nat. Resour., Water Resour. Branch, Ottawa, Canada, 263.
15.
Spencer, W. F., and Cliath, M. M. (1974). “Factors affecting vapor loss of trifluralin from soil.” J. Agric. Food Chemistry, 22(6), 987–991.
16.
Spencer, W. F., Farmer, W. J., and Jury, W. A. (1982). “Review: Behavior of organic chemicals at soil, air, water interfaces as related to predicting the transport and volatilization of organic pollutants.” Envir. Toxic, and Chem., 1(1), 17–26.
17.
“St. Clair River pollution investigation (Sarnia area).” (1986). Report No. ?, Envir. Canada and Ontario Ministry of the Envir., Canada‐Ontario, 150.
18.
Swann, R. L., et al. (1979). “Volatility of pesticides from soil surfaces” presented at American Chemical Society National Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii, Apr.
19.
Water treatment plant design. (1971). ASCE/Amer. Pub. Works Assn./Conf. of State Sanit. Engrs., New York, N.Y., 353.
20.
Yurteri, C., et al. (1987). “The effect of chemical composition of water on Henry's law constant.” J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 59(11), 950–956.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 ASCE.
History
Published online: Dec 1, 1989
Published in print: Dec 1989
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.