TECHNICAL PAPERS
Oct 1, 1985

Revegetation Using Coal Ash Mixtures

Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 111, Issue 5

Abstract

To ascertain whether bottom ash, or mixtures of fly ash and bottom ash from power generation could serve as acceptable final covers for landfills, field revegetation studies and indoor plant elemental bioavailability studies were conducted. It was found that bottom ash alone, or mixed with as much as 10% fly ash performs as well as topsoil in serving as a final cover, in terms of revegetation potential. Based on bioavailability studies, the inhibitory effects of higher proportions of fly ash may be due to boron toxicity.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Adriano, D. C., Page, A. L., Elseewi, A. A., Chang, A. C., and Stranghan, I., “Utilization and Disposal of Fly Ash and Other Coal Residues,” Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 9, 1980, pp. 333–344.
2.
Brady, N. C., The Nature and Properties of Soil, 8th ed., MacMillan Publishing Co., New York, N.Y., 1974.
3.
Chapman, S. B., Methods in Plant Ecology, Blackwell Scientific Publishers, London, England, 1976.
4.
Ciravolo, T. G., and Adriano, D. C., “Utilization of Crops under Greenhouse Conditions,” Ecology and Coal Resource Development, M. Wali, Ed., Pergamon Press, New York, N.Y., 1979, Vol. 2, pp. 958–966.
5.
Elseewi, A. A., Bingham, F. T., and Page, A. L., “Growth and Mineral Composition of Lettuce and Swiss Chard Grown on Fly Ash Amended Soils,” Environmental Chemistry and Cycling Processes, U.S. Department of Commerce, CONF‐760429, Springfield, Va., 1978, pp. 568–581.
6.
Furr, A. K., Parkinson, T. F., Hinrichs, R. A., VanCampen, D. R., Bache, C. A., Gutenmann, W. H., St. John, Jr., L. E., Pakkala, I. S., and Lisk, D. J., 1977. “National Survey of Elements and Radioactivity in Fly Ashes: Adsorption of Elements by Cabbage Grown in Fly Ash Soil Mixtures,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 11, No. 13, 1977, pp. 1194–1200.
7.
GAI Consultants, Coal Ash Disposal Manual, 2nd ed., Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif., 1981.
8.
Gonsoulin, G. J., “A Study of Succession on Three TVA Fly Ash Pits in Middle Tennessee,” Castanea, Vol. 40, 1975, pp. 44–56.
9.
Goodman, G. T., Pitcairn, C. E. R., and Gemmell, R. P., “Ecological Factors Affecting Growth on Sites Contaminated with Heavy Metals,” Ecology and Reclamation of Devastated Land, R. J. Hutnick and G. Davis, Eds., Gordon and Breach, New York, N.Y., 1973, pp. 149–173.
10.
Greig‐Smith, P., Quantitative Plant Ecology, 2nd ed., Plenum Press, New York, N.Y., 1964.
11.
Hodgson, D. R., Holliday, R., and Cope, F., “The Reclamation of Land Covered with Pulverized Fuel Ash. The Influence of Soil Depth on Crop Performance,” Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 61, 1963, pp. 299–307.
12.
Hodgson, D. R., and Townsend, W. N., “The Amelioration and Revegetation of Pulverized Fuel Ash,” Ecology and Reclamation of Devastated Lands, R. J. Hutnick and G. Davis, Eds., Vol. 2, Gordon and Breach, New York, N.Y., 1973, pp. 247–271.
13.
Kansas State University, Sampling and Analysis of Soils, Plants, Waste Waters and Sludges: Suggested Standardization and Methodology, Agricultural Experiment Station Publication 176, North Central Regional Publication 330, Oct., 1976.
14.
Klein, D. H., Andren, A. W., Carter, J. A., Emery, J. F., Feldman, C., Fulkerson, W., Lyon, W. S., Ogle, J. C., Talmi, Y., VanHook, R. I., and Bolton, N., “Pathways of Thirty Seven Trace Elements Through Coal‐Fired Power Plants,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 9, 1975, pp. 973–979.
15.
Lakin, H. W., and Byers, H. G., “Selenium in Wheat and Wheat Products,” Cereal Chemistry, Vol. 18, 1941, pp. 73–78.
16.
Mueller‐Dombois, D., and Ellenberg, H., Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology, John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 1974.
17.
Page, A. L., Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd ed., American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisc., 1982.
18.
Page, A. L., Consequence of Trace Element Enrichment of Soils and Vegetation from the Combustion of Fuel Used in Power Generation, Southern California Edison Research and Development Series 77‐RD‐29, Rosemead, Calif., 1977.
19.
Page, A. L., Elseewi, A. A., and Straughan, I. R., “Physical and Chemical Properties of Fly Ash from Coal‐Fired Power Plants with Reference to Environmental Impacts,” Residue Review, Vol. 71, 1979, pp. 83–120.
20.
Petrikova, V., “The Effect of Semi‐Liquid Manure on Electricity Power Station Ash‐Dump Reclamation,” Agricultural Wastes, Vol. 2, 1980, pp. 37–41.
21.
Plank, C. O., and Martens, D. C., “Amelioration of Soils with Fly Ash,” Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1973, pp. 177–183.
22.
Plank, C. O., and Martens, D. C., “Boron Availability as Influenced by Application of Fly Ash to Soil,” Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, Vol. 38, 1974, pp. 974–977.
23.
Rippon, J. E., and Wood, M. J., “Microbiological Aspects of Pulverized Fuel Ash,” The Ecology of Resource Degradation and Renewal, M. J. Chadwick and G. T. Goodman, Eds., The 15th Symposium of the British Ecological Society 10–12 July 1973, John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 1975, pp. 331–349.
24.
Robinson, W. O., “Selenium Content of Wheat from Various Parts of the World,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 28, 1936, pp. 736–738.
25.
SAS Institute Inc., SAS User's Guide Statistics: 1982 Edition, Cary, N.C., 1982.
26.
SAS Institute Inc., SAS User's Guide Basics: 1982 Edition, Cary, N.C., 1982.
27.
Skinner, S. P., Gentry, J. B., and Giesy, Jr., J. P., “Cadmium Dynamics in Terrestrial Food Webs of a Coal Ash Basin,” Environmental Chemistry and Cycling Processes, D. C. Adriano and I. L. Brisbin, Jr., Eds., Proceedings of a Symposium held at Augusta, Georgia, April 28–May 1, 1976, Technical Information Center, Savannah River Ecology Center, CONF‐760429, 1978, pp. 658–672.
28.
Soholt, L. F., et al., “Handling of Combustion and Emission‐Abatement Wastes from Coal‐Fired Power Plants: Implications for Fish and Wildlife Resources,” U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Services Program, National Power Team, FWS/OBS‐80/33, 1980.
29.
Townsend, W. N., and Gillham, E. W., “Pulverized Fuel Ash as a Medium for Plant Growth,” The Ecology and Resources of Degradation and Renewal, M. J. Chadwick and G. T. Goodman, Eds., Blackwell, Oxford, England, 1975, pp. 287–304.
30.
Townsend, W. N., and Hodgson, D. R., “Edaphological Problems Associated with Deposits of Pulverized Fuel Ash,” Ecology and Reclamation of Devastated Lands, R. Hutnik and G. Davis, Eds., Gordon and Breach Scientific Publishers, New York, N.Y., Vol. 1, 1973, pp. 45–56.
31.
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Taxonomy, publication AH 436, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C., 1976.
32.
United States EPA, Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, EPA‐600‐4‐79‐020, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1979.
33.
United States Salinity Laboratory, Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkaline Soils, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 60, Washington, D.C., 1954.
34.
Utility Solid Waste Activities Group. Report and Technical Studies on the Disposal and Utilization of Fossil‐Fuel Combustion By‐Products, Vol. III, Appendix A, submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on October 26, 1982.
35.
Zar, J. H., Biostatistical Analysis, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1974.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Environmental Engineering
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 111Issue 5October 1985
Pages: 559 - 573

History

Published online: Oct 1, 1985
Published in print: Oct 1985

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Charles N. Haas, M. ASCE
Assoc. Prof., Pritzker Dept. of Environmental Engrg., Illinois Inst. of Technology, Chicago, Ill. 60616
Joseph J. Macak, III
Prin. Environmental Engr., Commonwealth Edison Co., Chicago, Ill. 60603

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share