TECHNICAL PAPERS
Jun 1, 1985

Effect of Ambient Air Quality on Throughfall Acidity

Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 111, Issue 3

Abstract

Observations at Woods Lake‐watershed in the Adirondacks (New York) indicate that precipitation is further acidified by passage through coniferous canopies; conversely, passage through deciduous canopies has a net alkalizing effect. Both effects are dependent upon the levels of air quality. If the aerosol concentrations were to decrease to 35% of the current levels, both types of canopy would have a net alkalizing effect on incident precipitation. If the aerosol concentrations doubled, both canopy types would be net acidifiers of throughfall. The experimental procedure of varying aerosol concentration in an enclosed chamber may provide a means for measuring foliar exudation.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Altwicker, E. R., and Johannes, A. H., “Wet and Dry Deposition into Adirondack Watersheds,” The Integrated Lake‐Watershed Acidification Study: Proceedings of the ILWAS Annual Review Conference, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif., EPRI EA‐2827, 1983, p. 2.1.
2.
Art, H. W., Borman, F. H., Voigt, G. K., and Woodwell, G. M., “Barrier Island Forest Ecosystem: Role of Meterological Nutrients Inputs,” Science, Vol. 184, 1974, pp. 60–62.
3.
Bloomfield, C., “Leaf Leachates as a Factor in Soil Genesis,” J. Sci. Food Agric., Vol. 6, 1955, pp. 641–651.
4.
Charlson, R. J., Lovert, D. S., Larson, T. V., and Waggoner, A. P., “Chemical Properties of Tropospheric Sulfur Aerosols,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 12, 1978, pp. 39–53.
5.
Chen, C. W., Hudson, R. J. M., Dean, J. D., and Goldstein, R. A., “Acid Rain Model: Canopy Module,” Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 109, 1982, pp. 585–603.
6.
Chen, C. W., Gherini, S. A., and Goldstein, R. A., “Modeling the Lake Acidification Process,” Proceedings of the Workshop on Ecological Effects of Acid Precipitation, G. Howells, ed., EPRI EA‐79‐6‐LD, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif., 1979, pp. 5.1–5.43.
7.
Chen, C. W., Gherini, S. A., Dean, D. J., and Hudson, R. J. M., Integrated Lake‐Watershed Acidification Study Model—Vol. I. Principle and Application Procedure, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif., EPRI EA3221, Vol. 1, 1983, p. 3.15.
8.
Clements, C. R., Jones, L. P. H., and Hopper, M. J., “The Leaching of Some Elements from Herbage Plants by Simulated Rain,” Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 9, 1972, pp. 249–260.
9.
Cole, D. M., and Johnson, D. M., “Atmospheric Sulfate Additions and Cation Leaching in a Douglas Fir Ecosystem,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 13, 1977, pp. 313–317.
10.
Eaton, J. S., Likens, G. E., and Borman, F. H., “Throughfall and Stemflow Chemistry in a Northern Hardwood Forest,” Journal of Ecology, Vol. 61, 1973, pp. 495–508.
11.
EPRI Lake Acidification Study—Technical Work Statement, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif., 1979.
12.
Fowler, D., “Removal of Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds From the Atmosphere in Rain and by Dry Deposition,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation, Sandefjord, Norway, SNSF Project, 1980, pp. 22–32.
13.
Goldstein, R. A., Chen, C. W., Gherini, S. A., and Dean, J. D., “A Framework for the Integrated Lake‐Watershed Acidification Study,” Proceedings of the International Conference on the Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation, Sandefjord, Norway, SNSF Project, 1980, pp. 252–253.
14.
Henderson, G. S., Harris, W. F., Todd, D. E., Jr., and Grizzard, T., “Quality and Chemistry of Throughfall as Influenced by Forest Type and Season,” Journal of Ecology, Vol. 65, 1977, pp. 365–374.
15.
Hoffman, W. A., Jr., Lindberg, S. E., and Turner, R. E., “Precipitation Acidity:The Role of the Forest Canopy in Acid Exchange,” Journal of Environ‐mental Quality, Vol. 9, 1980, pp. 95–100.
16.
Johnson, A. H., and Siccama, T. G., “Effects of Vegetation on the Morphology of Windsor Soils, Lichfield, Connecticut,” Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 43, 1979, pp. 1199–1200.
17.
Juang, F. M. T., and Johson, N. M., “Cycling of Chlorine Through a Forested Watershed in New England,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 72, 1967, pp. 5641–5647.
18.
Lee, J. J., and Weber, D. E., “Effects of Sulphuric Acid on Major Cation and Sulfate Concentrations of Water Percolating Through Two Model Hardwood Forests,” Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 11, 1982, pp. 57–64.
19.
Lindberg, S. E., Harriss, R. C., Turner, R. R., Shriner, D. S., and Huff, D. D., “Mechanisms and Rates of Atmospheric Deposition of Selected Trace Elements and Sulfate to Deciduous Forest Watershed,” Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn., ORNL/TM‐6674, 1979.
20.
Malcolm, R. L., and McCracken, R. J., “Canopy Drip: a Source of Mobile Soil Organic Matter for Mobilization of Iron and Aluminum,” Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, Vol. 32, 1968, pp. 834–834.
21.
Mayer, R., and Ulrich, B., “Input to Soil, Especially the Influence of Vegetation in Intercepting and Modifying Inputs—A Review,” Effects of Acid Precipitation on Terrestrial Ecosystem, T. C. Hutchinson and M. Havas, eds., NATO Conference Series, Plenum Press, New York, 1980.
22.
Mecklenburg, R. A., Tukey, H. B., Jr., and Morgan, J. V., “A Mechanism for Leaching of Calcium From Foliage,” Plant Physiology, Vol. 41, 1966, pp. 610–613.
23.
Miller, H. G., and Miller, J. D., “Collection and Retention of Atmospheric Pollutants by Vegetation,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation, Sandefjord, Norway, SNSF Project, 1980, pp. 33–40.
24.
Parker, G. G., “Throughfall and Stemflow in the Forest Nutrient Cycle,” Advance in Ecological Research, Vol. 13, Academic Press, 1983, pp. 57–134.
25.
Swank, W. T., and Henderson, G. S., “Input of Some Cations and Anions to Forest Systems in North Carolina and Tennessee,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 12, 1976, pp. 541–556.
26.
Tanner, R. L., Leadere, B. P., and Spengler, J. D., “Acidity of Atmospheric Aerosols,” Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 15, 1981, pp. 1150–1153.
27.
Tukey, H. B., Jr., “The Leaching of Substances From Plants,” Annual Review of Plant Physiology, Vol. 21, 1958, pp. 305–324.
28.
Vasudevan, C., and Clesceri, N. L., “Analyses of Throughfall Data and Comparison of Throughfall Sampling Procedures,” The Integrated Lake‐Watershed Acidification Study: Proceedings of the ILWAS Annual Review Conference, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif., EPRI EA‐2827, 1983, p. 3.1.
29.
White, E. J., and Turner, F., “A Method of Estimating Income of Nutrients in Catch of Airborne Particles by a Woodland Canopy,” Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 7, 1970, pp. 441–461.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Environmental Engineering
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 111Issue 3June 1985
Pages: 364 - 372

History

Published online: Jun 1, 1985
Published in print: Jun 1985

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Carl W. Chen, M. ASCE
Prin., Systech Engrg., Inc., 3744 Mt. Diablo Blvd., Suite 101, Lafayette, Calif. 94549
Steven A. Gherini
Vice Pres., Tetra Tech., Inc., 3746 Mt. Diablo Blvd., Suite 300, Lafayette, Calif. 94549
Robert A. Goldstein
Mgr., Atmospheric Deposition Effects, Electric Power Research Inst., Inc., Palo Alto, Calif.
Nicholas L. Clesceri, M. ASCE
Prof., Chemical and Environ. Engrg., Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, N.Y.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share