TECHNICAL PAPERS
Feb 1, 1985

Dispersion Model for Waste Stabilization Ponds

Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 111, Issue 1

Abstract

The partially‐mixed or dispersed‐flow equation is proposed for use in pond design for organic and bacterial reductions. This equation considers the effects of hydraulic detention time (θ), reaction rate coefficients, and the dispersion factor including short‐circuiting, and other hydraulic transport processes which influence the pond's performance. Some hydraulic models of dispersion were reviewed. A dispersion prediction formula for ponds is proposed which relates the value of the dispersion number to θ, kinematic viscosity, and the pond's geometric shape, i.e., length, width, and depth.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Arceivala, S. J., Wastewater Treatment and Disposal, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, N.Y., 1981.
2.
Bowles, D. S., Middlebrooks, E. J., and Reynolds, J. H., “Coliform Decay Rates in Waste Stabilization Ponds,” Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 51, No. 1, 1979, pp. 87–99.
3.
Camp, T. R., “Sedimentation and the Design of Settling Tanks,” Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 71, No. 4, 1945, pp. 445–486.
4.
Chow, V. T., Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw‐Hill Book Co., New York, N.Y., 1959.
5.
Davis, E. M., and Gloyna, E. F., “Bacterial Die‐Off in Ponds,” Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 98, No. SA1, 1972, pp. 59–69.
6.
Dawkins, G. S., “Mixing Patterns and Residence Time Prediction,” Proceedings of the 18th Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind., 1963, pp. 562–577.
7.
Dissanyake, M. G., “Kinetic of Bacterial Die‐Off in Waste Stabilization Ponds,” thesis presented to the Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand, in 1980, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
8.
Ferrara, R. A., and Harleman, D. R. F., “Dynamic Nutrient Cycle Model for Waste Stabilization Ponds,” Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 106, No. EE1, 1980, pp. 37–54.
9.
Ferrara, R. A., and Harleman, D. R. F., “Hydraulic Modeling for Waste Stabilization Ponds,” Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. EE4, 1981, pp. 817–830.
10.
Finney, B. A., and Middlebrooks, E. J., “Facultative Waste Stabilization Pond Design,” Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 52, No. 1, 1980, pp. 134–147.
11.
Fischer, H. B., “The Mechanics of Dispersion in Natural Streams,” Journal of the Hydraulic Division, ASCE, Vol. 93, No. HY6, 1967, pp. 187–216.
12.
Henderson, F. M., Open Channel Flow, McMillan Publishing Co., New York, N.Y., 1966.
13.
Kapuscinski, R. B., and Mitchell, R., “Sunlight‐Induced Mortality of Viruses and Escherichia coli in Coastal Seawater,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 17, No. 1, 1983, pp. 1–6.
14.
Klock, J. W., “Survival of Coliform Bacteria in Wastewater Treatment Lagoons,” Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 43, No. 10, 1971, pp. 2071–2083.
15.
Krone, R. B., Orlob, G. T., and Hodgkinson, C., “Movement of Coliform Bacteria through Porous Media,” Sewage and Industrial Wastes, Vol. 30, No. 1, 1958, pp. 1–13.
16.
Levenspiel, O., Chemical Reaction Engineering, 2nd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1972.
17.
Liu, H., “Predicting Dispersion Coefficient of Streams,” Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. EE1, 1977, pp. 59–69.
18.
Mara, D. D., “Proposed Design for Oxidation Ponds in Hot Climates,” Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 101, No. EE2, 1975, pp. 296–300.
19.
Mara, D. D., Silva, S. A., and Ceballos, B. S., “Design Verification for Tropical Oxidation Ponds,” Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 105, No. EE1, 1979, pp. 151–155.
20.
Marais, G. v. R., “Fecal Bacterial Kinetics in Stabilization Ponds,” Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 100, No. EE1, 1974, pp. 119–139.
21.
McGarry, M. G., and Bouthillier, P. H., “Survival of S. Typhi in Sewage Oxidation Ponds,” Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 92, No. SA4, 1966, pp. 33–44.
22.
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal, Reuse, 2nd Ed., McGraw‐Hill Book Co., New York, N.Y., 1979.
23.
Middlebrooks, E. J., et al., Wastewater Stabilization Lagoon Design, Performance and Upgrading, McMillan Publishing Co., New York, N.Y., 1982.
24.
Moeller, J. R., and Calkins, J., “Bactericidal Agents in Wastewater Lagoons and Lagoon Design,” Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 52, No. 10, 1980, pp. 2442–2451.
25.
Nashabishi, O. I., “A Process Approach to the Design of Waste Stabilization Ponds,” thesis presented to the University of Miami, at Coral Gables, Fla., in May, 1967, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
26.
Parhad, N. M., and Rao, N. V., “Effects of pH on Survival of Escherichia coli,” Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 46, No. 5, 1974, pp. 980–986.
27.
Polprasert, C., Dissanayake, M. G., and Thanh, N. C., “Bacterial Die‐Off Kinetics in Waste Stabilization Ponds,” Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 55, No. 3, 1983.
28.
Straub, L. G., Silberman, E., and Nelson, H. C., “Open‐Channel Flow at Small Reynolds Numbers,” Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineer, Vol. 123, Paper No. 2935, 1958, pp. 685–706.
29.
Thirumurthi, D., “Design Principle of Waste Stabilization Ponds,” Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 95, No. SA2, 1969, pp. 311–329.
30.
Thirumurthi, D., “Design Criteria for Waste Stabilization Ponds,” Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 46, No. 9, 1974, pp. 2094–2106.
31.
Wehner, J. F., and Wilhelm, R. H., “Boundary Conditions of Flow Reactor,” Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 6, 1956, pp. 89–93.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Environmental Engineering
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 111Issue 1February 1985
Pages: 45 - 59

History

Published online: Feb 1, 1985
Published in print: Feb 1985

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Chongrak Polprasert
Assoc. Prof. of Environmental Engrg., Asian Inst. of Tech., Bangkok, Thailand
Kiran K. Bhattarai
Doctoral Student, Environmental Engrg. Div., Asian Inst. of Tech., Bangkok, Thailand

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share