Oil and Grease in Urban Stormwaters
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 110, Issue 1
Abstract
A study of oil and grease in urban stormwaters was performed on a small watershed in Richmond, Calif., with the objective of determining the amount of oil and grease discharged into San Francisco Bay. Five sampling stations were selected at various places in the watershed that were indicative of specific land uses, and runoff from seven storms was sampled and analyzed. The results of the survey indicated that oil and grease concentration was highly dependent upon land use, ranging from 4.1 mg/L in residential areas to 15.3 mg/L in parking lots. A statistical analysis of oil and grease and storm characteristics showed that oil and grease concentration was independent of all storm characteristics, except that mass of oil and grease discharged was proportional to total rainfall. Qualitative analysis of the oil and grease by gas chromatography indicated that it most resembled used automobile crankcase oil. Several samples showed evidence of spills of specific compounds. A simulation of management techniques indicated that a 90% reduction in discharge from commercial properties and parking lots, which represented only 9.6% of the total surface area, would result in a 53% reduction in total oil and grease discharge. Growth simulation predicted a potential 27% increase in discharge if 5% of the watershed were converted from open land to commercial property.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Asplund, K., Mar, B. W., and Ferguson, J. F., “Total Suspended Solids in Highway Runoff in Washington State,” Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 108, No. EE2, Apr., 1982, pp. 345–404.
2.
Bayer, K. N., and Laitinen, H. A., “Automobile Exhaust Particulates—Properties and Environmental Significance,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 5, No. 5, 1975, pp. 457–469.
3.
Brater, F. F., and King, H. W., Handbook of Hydraulics, 6th ed., McGraw Hill, New York, N.Y., 1976.
4.
Browne, F. X., “Non‐Point‐Sources,” Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 50, No. 6, June, 1978, pp. 1665–1674.
5.
Browne, F. X., “Water Pollution—Non Point Sources,” Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 52, No. 6, June, 1980, pp. 1506–1510.
6.
DiSalvo, L. H., Guard, H. E., and Hunter, L., “Tissue Hydrocarbon Burden of Mussels as Potential Monitor of Environmental Hydrocarbons Insult,” Environmental Science and Technology, No. 9, 1975, pp. 247–251.
7.
DiSalvo, L. H., and Guard, H. E., “Hydrocarbons Associated with Suspended Particulate Matter in San Francisco Bay Waters,” Proceedings of the 1975 Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, American Petroleum Institute, 1975, pp. 169–173.
8.
DiSalvo, L. H., Guard, H. E., and Try, K., “Comparative Hydrocarbon Content of Algae from a San Francisco Bay Wharf and a California Coastal Inlet,” Phycologia, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1976, pp. 245–247.
9.
Eganhouse, R. P., and Kaplan, I. R., “Extractable Organic Matter in Urban Stormwater Runoff. 1. Transport Dynamics and Mass Emission Rates,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 15, 1981, pp. 310–315.
10.
Eganhouse, R. P., Simoneit, B. R. T., and Kaplan, I. R., “Extractable Organic Matter in Urban Stormwater Runoff. 2. Molecular Characterization,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 15, 1981, pp. 315–326.
11.
Field, R., and Cibik, C., “Urban Runoff and Combined Sewer Overflow,” Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 52, No. 6, June, 1980, pp. 1290–1307.
12.
Finnemore, E. J., and Lynard, W. G., “Management and Control Technology for Urban Stormwater Management,” Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 54, No. 7, July, 1982, pp. 1099–1111.
13.
Grimmer, G., Bohnke, H., and Glaser, A., “Investigation of the Carcinogenic Burden by Air Pollution in Man‐XV‐Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Automobile Exhaust Gron—An Inventory,” Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologie. 1. Abt. Origianale A. Medizinische Mikrolbiologie, Infektonskrankheiten und Parasitologic B164, 1977, pp. 218–234.
14.
Hedley, G., and Lockley, D., “Quality of Water Discharge from an Urban Motorway,” Water Pollution Control, Vol. 74, No. 6, 1975, pp. 659–674.
15.
Hunter, J. V., et al., “Contribution of Urban Runoff to Hydrocarbon Pollution,” Journal of the Water Pollution Control Association, Vol. 51, No. 8, Aug., 1979, pp. 2129–2138.
16.
Jung, M., and Bowes, G. W., “Cooperative Striped Bass Study,” First Progress Report, California State Water Resources Control Board. Sacramento, Calif., 1980.
17.
MacKenzie, M. J., and Hunter, J. V., “Sources and Fates of Aromatic Compounds in Urban Stormwater Runoff,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 13, No. 2, Feb., 1979, pp. 179–183.
18.
Metcalf and Eddy Inc., “Storm Water Management Model, Vol. I, Final Report (ABMAC),” EPA Report No. 11024 DOC 07/71, 1981.
19.
National Recycling Coalition News, Vol. II, No. 1, Sept., 1981, p. 2.
20.
Petroleum in the Environment—Workshop on Inputs, Fates and the Effects of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1975.
21.
Sartor, J. D., Boyd, G. B., and Agardy, F. J., “Water Pollution Aspects of Street Surface Contaminants,” Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 46, No. 3, Mar., 1974, pp. 458–467.
22.
Sheehan, D. G., “Contribution of Urban Roadway Usage to Water Pollution,” EPA Report No. EPA‐600/2‐75‐004, 1975.
23.
Soderlund, G., and Lehtinen, H., “Comparison of Discharges from Urban Stormwater Runoff, Mixed Storm Overflow and Treated Sewage,” Advances in Water Pollution Research—Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference, S. H. Jenkins, ed., Pergamon Press, London, 1972, pp. 309–318.
24.
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 14th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., 1975.
25.
Statistical Analysis System Users Guide, SAS Institute, Raleigh, N.C., 1979.
26.
Stenstrom, M. K., Silverman, G., and Bursztynsky, T. A., “Oil and Grease in Stormwater Runoff,” Association of Bay Area Governments, Berkeley, Calif., Feb., 1982.
27.
Wakeham, S. G., “A Characterization of the Source of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Lake Washington,” Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 49, No. 7, July, 1977, pp. 1680–1687.
28.
Whipple, W., Hunter, J. V., and Yeu, S. L., “Effects of Storm Frequency on Pollution from Urban Runoff,” Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 49, No. 11, Nov., 1977, pp. 2243–2254.
29.
Whipple, W., and Hunter, J. V., “Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Urban Runoff,” Water Resources Bulletin, American Water Resources Association, Vol. 15, No. 4, Aug., 1979, pp. 1096–1105.
30.
Whipple, J. A., Eldridge, M. B., and Benville, P., Jr., “An Ecological Perspective of the Effects of Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon on Fishes,” Biological Monitoring of Marine Pollutants, F. J. Vernberg, A. Calabrese, F. P. Thurberg, and W. B. Vernberg, eds., Academic Press, New York, N.Y., 1981, pp. 483–551.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 110 • Issue 1 • February 1984
Pages: 58 - 72
Copyright
Copyright © 1984 ASCE.
History
Published online: Feb 1, 1984
Published in print: Feb 1984
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.