Cadmium Adsorption by Aerobic Lake Sediments
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 110, Issue 1
Abstract
Factors that influence the adsorption of cadmium on aerobic lake sediments were investigated, including sediment type, pH, and soluble ligand composition. Conditional adsorption constants were experimentally determined for sediments samples in native lake water from Sturgeon Lake, Oregon. Correlation of adsorption constant values with sediment characteristics including mean grain size, iron and manganese content, volatile solids content, and cation exchange capacity indicated significant dependence only on mean grain size. Another approach, using specific geochemical phase adsorption constants from another study to assess that phase's contribution to adsorption, predicted that iron oxides controlled cadmium adsorption. A speciation‐distribution model for cadmium in the water column indicated that the dominant chemical forms were the free cadmium ion and cadmium adsorbed to suspended solids. As pH increased from 5 to 9, the adsorbed fraction increased and the free ionic fraction decreased markedly. Organic ligand complexes were predicted to be the dominant soluble cadmium complex in the neutral pH range, while the cadmium carbonate complex dominated at pH 9.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Agemian, H., and Chau, A., “Evaluation of Extraction Techniques for the Determination of Metals in Aquatic Sediments,” The Analyst, Vol. 16, 1976.
2.
Anderson, B. J., and Jenne, E. A., “Free‐Iron and Manganese Content of Reference Clays,” Soil Science, Vol. 109, No. 3, 1970, pp. 163–169.
3.
Babich, H., and Stotsky, G., “Effects of Cadmium on the Biota: Influence of Environmental Factors,” Advances in Applied Microbiology, Vol. 23, 1978, pp. 55–110.
4.
Bleriot, P., “Determination of Conditional Adsorption Constants for Cadmium in Estuarine Sediments,” Research project report presented to the Civil Engineering Department, Oregon State University, 1980, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
5.
Blutstein, H., and Smith, J. D., “Distribution of Species of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd in a Water Profile of the Yarra River Estuary,” Water Research, Vol. 12, 1978, pp. 119–125.
6.
Butler, J. N., Ionic Equilibrium, A Mathematical Approach, Addison‐Wesley Reading, Mass., 1964.
7.
Coffin, D. E., “A Method for the Determination of Free Iron in Soils and Clays,” Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 43, 1963, pp. 7–17.
8.
Davies‐Colley, R. J., Nelson, P. O., and Williamson, K. J., “Estuarine Sediment Controls on Trace Metal Distributions,” Completion Report, Project A‐051‐ORE, OWRT, U.S. Dept. of Interior, Water Resources Research Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oreg.
9.
Effler, S. W., and Rand, M. C., “The Effect of Heavy Metals and Other Pollutants on the Sediments of Onondaga Lake,” Water, Air and Soil Pollution, Vol. 12, 1979, pp. 117–134.
10.
Farrah, H., and Pickering, W. F., “The Sorption of Cu Species by Clays, I. Kaolinite, II. Illite and Montmorillonite,” Australian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 29, 1976, pp. 1167–1184.
11.
Florence, T. M., “Trace Metal Species in Fresh Waters,” Water Research, Vol. 11, 1977, pp. 681–687.
12.
Fristoe, B. R., and Nelson, P. O., “Equilibrium Chemical Modeling of Heavy Metals in Activated Sludge,” Water Research, Vol. 17, 1983, pp. 771–778.
13.
Gadde, R. R., and Laitinen, H. A., “Studies of Heavy Metal Adsorption by Hydrous Iron and Manganese Oxides,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 46, No. 13, Nov., 1974, pp. 2022–2026.
14.
Garcia‐Miragaya, J., and Page, A. L., “Influence of Ionic Strength and Inorganic Complex Formation on the Sorption of Trace Amounts of Cd by Montmorillonite,” Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 40, 1976, pp. 658–663.
15.
Garcia‐Miragaya, J., and Page, A. L., “Influence of Exchangeable Cation on Sorption of Trace Amounts of Cadmium by Montmorillonite,” Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 41, 1977, pp. 718–721.
16.
Garcia‐Miragaya, J., and Page, A. L., “Sorption of Trace Quantities of Cadmium by Sous with Different Chemical and Mineralogical Composition,” Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, Vol. 9, 1978, pp. 289–299.
17.
Gardiner, J., “The Chemistry of Cadmium in Natural Water—I, A Study of Cadmium Complex Formation Using the Cadmium Specific Ion Electrode,” Water Research, Vol. 8, Great Britain, 1974, pp. 23–30.
18.
Giles, C. H., MacEwan, T. H., Nakhwa, S. N., and Smith, D., “Studies in Adsorption—Fart XI: A System of Classification of Solution Adsorption Isotherms, and Its Use in Diagnosis of Adsorption Mechanisms and in Measurement of Specific Surface Areas of Solids,” Journal of Chemical Society, 1960, pp. 3973–3993.
19.
Guy, R. D., and Chakrabarti, C. L., “Studied of Metal‐Organic Interactions in Model Systems Pertaining to Natural Waters,” Canadian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 54, 1976, pp. 2600–2611.
20.
Guy, R. D., Chakrabarti, C. L., and Schramm, L. L., “The Application of a Simple Chemical Model of Natural Waters to Metal Fixation in Particulate Matter,” Canadian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 53, 1975, pp. 661–669.
21.
Hunter, J. V., “Origin of Organics from Artificial Contamination,” Organic Compounds in Aquatic Environments, S. D. Faust and J. V. Hunter, eds., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1971, pp. 51–94.
22.
Jackson, M. L., Soil Chemical Analysis, Prentice‐Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1960.
23.
Jenne, E. A., “Controls on Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn Concentrations in Soils and Water: The Significant Role of Hydrous Mn and Fe Oxides,” Trace Inorganics in Water, R. F. Gould, ed., Vol. 73, Advances in Chemistry Series, Washington, D.C., 1968.
24.
John, M. K., “Cadmium Adsorption Maxima of Soils as Measured by the Langmuir Isotherm,” Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 52, Oct., 1972, pp. 343–350.
25.
Leckie, J. O., and James, R. O., “Control Mechanisms for Trace Metals in Natural Waters,” Aqueous Environmental Chemistry of Metals, A. J. Rubin, ed., Ann Arbor Science, Mich., 1974, pp. 36–63.
26.
Levi‐Minzi, R., Soldatini, G. F., and Riffaldi, R., “Cadmium Adsorption by Soils,” Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 27, 1976, pp. 10–15.
27.
Levy, R., and Francis, C. W., “Adsorption and Desorption of Cadmium by Synthetic and Natural Organo‐Clay Complexes,” Geoderma, Vol. 15, Amsterdam, 1976, pp. 361–370.
28.
Loganathan, P., and Burau, R. G., “Sorption of Heavy Metal Ions by a Hydrous Manganese Oxide,” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 37, Northern Ireland, 1973, pp. 1277–1293.
29.
Long, D. T., and Angino, E. E., “Chemical Speciation of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in Mixed Freshwater, Seawater, and Brine Solutions,” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 41, Great Britain, 1977.
30.
Luoma, S. N., and Bryan, G. W., “A Statistical Assessment of the Form of Trace Metals in Oxidized Estuarine Sediments Employing Chemical Extrac‐tants,” The Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 17, Amsterdam, 1981, pp. 165–196.
31.
Manka, J., et al., “Characterization of Organics in Secondary Effluents,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 8, 1974, pp. 1017–1020.
32.
Mantoura, R. F. C., Dickson, A., and Riley, J. P., “The Complexation of Metals with Humic Materials in Natural Waters,” Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, Vol. 6, 1978, pp. 387–408.
33.
Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Waste, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1976.
34.
Navrot, J., Singer, A., and Banin, A., “Adsorption of Cadmium and Its Exchange Characteristics in Some Israeli Soils,” Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 29, 1978, pp. 505–511.
35.
Nelson, P. O., Chung, A. K., and Hudson, M. C., “Factors Affecting the Fate of Heavy Metals in the Activated Sludge Process,” Journal Water Pollution Federation, Vol. 53, 1981, pp. 1323–1333.
36.
Nraigu, J. O., et al., “Sedimentary Record of Heavy Metal Pollution in Lake Erie,” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 43, 1979, pp. 247–258.
37.
Nraigu, J. O., and Coker, R. D., “Trace Metals in Humic and Fulvic Acids from Lake Ontario Sediments,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 14, 1980, pp. 443–449.
38.
Oakley, S. M., Nelson, P. O., and Williamson, K. J., “Model of Trace Metal Partitioning in Marine Sediments,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 15, 1981, pp. 474–480.
39.
O'Connor, D. J., and Connolly, J. P., “The Effect of Concentration of Adsorbing Solids on the Partition Coefficient,” Water Research, Vol. 14, 1980, pp. 1517–1723.
40.
“Physical, Chemical, and Biological Description of Sturgeon Lake,” Water Resources Research Institute, Technical Report 1, Sturgeon Lake Restoration Study under Section 314 Clean Lakes Grant Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oreg., 1982.
41.
Reid, J. D., and McDuffie, B., “Sorption of Trace Cadmium on Clay Minerals and River Sediments,” Water, Air and Soil Pollution, Vol. 15, 1981, pp. 375–386.
42.
Reuter, J. H., and Perdue, E. M., “Importance of Heavy Metal—Organic Matter Interactions in Natural Waters,” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 41, 1977, pp. 325–334.
43.
Smith, R., and Martell, A., “Inorganic Ligands,” Critical Stability Constants, Vol. 4, Plenum Press, New York, N.Y., 1976.
44.
Snitzer, M., “The Chemistry of Humic Substances,” Environmental Biogeochemistry, Vol. 1, J. O. Nraigu, ed., Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1976, pp. 89–107.
45.
Snoeyink, V. L., and Jenkins, D., Water Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1980.
46.
Soldatini, G. F., Riffaldi, R., and Levi‐Minzi, R., “Pb Adsorption by Soils,” Water, Air and Soil Pollution, Vol. 6, 1976, pp. 111–118.
47.
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 14th ed., APHAAWWA‐WPCF, 1975.
48.
Stevenson, F. J., “Stability Constants of and Complexes with Humic Acids,” Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 40, 1976, pp. 665–672.
49.
Stumm, W., and Morgan, J., Aquatic Chemistry, Wiley‐Intersdence, New York, N.Y., 1970.
50.
Vuceta, J., and Morgan, J. J., “Chemical Modeling of Trace Metals in Fresh Waters: Role of Complexation and Adsorption,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 12, 1978, pp. 1302–1309.
51.
Wilson, D. E., and Kinney, P., “Effects of Polymeric Charge Variations on the Proton‐Metal Ion Equilibria of Humic Materials,” Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 22, 1977, pp. 281–289.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 110 • Issue 1 • February 1984
Pages: 226 - 243
Copyright
Copyright © 1984 ASCE.
History
Published online: Feb 1, 1984
Published in print: Feb 1984
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.