Small Stream Channel Dam Aeration Characteristics
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 109, Issue 3
Abstract
Field data were collected at 54 small stream head loss structures in northeastern Illinois to evaluate weir and spillway aeration characteristics. The British dam aeration equation, which employs the use of an aeration coefficient (b), is used as a model to calibrate each head loss structure. The head loss structures are categorized according to basic physical configurations; nine generalized classes are presented. The aeration coefficients vary widely within classes due to seemingly small or subtle differences in structural design or overall physical condition. Spillways having the same basic geometric design may exhibit widely divergent aeration coefficients depending upon conditions at the toe or apron. Hydraulic jumps built into toes produce significantly higher b‐values than those similarly constructed but without hydraulic jumps. The nine dam categories are assigned aeration coefficients which represent the median value observed within each grouping. These values are suitable for use in preliminary model development or when time constraints preclude making field surveys. However, whenever possible field surveys should be conducted using the methodology presented as a guide.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Alonso, C. V., McHenry, J. R., and Hong, J.‐C. S., “The Influence of Suspended Sediment on the Surface Reaeration of Uniform Streams,” Water Resources Research Institute, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Miss., July, 1973.
2.
Barrett, M. J., Gameson, A. L. H., and Ogden, C. G., “The Effect of Temperature on Aeration at Weirs,” Water and Water Engineering, Vol. 64, No. 775, 1960, pp. 407–413.
3.
Butts, T. A., and Evans, R. L., “Aeration Characteristics of Flow Release Controls on Illinois Waterway Dams,” Contract Report 145, Illinois Institute of Natural Resources, State Water Survey Division, Water Quality Section, Peoria, Ill., 1980.
4.
Butts, T. A., and Evans, R. L., “Sediment Oxygen Demand Studies of Selected Northeastern Illinois Streams,” Illinois State Water Survey Circular 129, Champaign, Ill., 1978, 178 pp.
5.
Butts, T. A., Evans, R. L., and Sparks, R. E., “Sediment Oxygen Demand—Fingernail Clam Relationship in the Mississippi River Keokuk Pool,” Transactions of the Illinois Academy of Science, Vol. 75, No. 1 and 2, 1982, pp. 29–39.
6.
Crevensten, D., and Stoddard, A., “Water Quality Model of the Lower Fox River, Wisconsin,” Proceedings, Seventeenth Conference on Great Lakes Research, Part I, International Association for Great Lakes Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 1974, p. 506.
7.
Dresnack, R., and Metzger, I., “Oxygen Response and Aeration in Streams,” Proceedings of the 23rd Industrial Waste Conference—Park One, Engineering Extension Series No. 132, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind., 1968, pp. 262–274.
8.
Elmore, H. L., and Hayes, T. H., “Twenty‐Ninth Progress Report of the Committee on Sanitary Engineering Research of the Sanitary Engineering Division, Solubility of Atmospheric Oxygen in Water,” Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 87, No. SA4, 1960, pp. 41–53.
9.
Elmore, H. L., and West, W. F., “Thirty‐First Progress Report, Committee on Sanitary Engineering Research, Effects of Water Temperature on Stream Reaeration,” Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 87, No. SA6, 1961, pp. 59–71.
10.
Foree, E. G., “Reaeration and Velocity Prediction for Small Streams,” Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 102, No. EE5, p. 937.
11.
Gameson, A. L. H., “Weirs and Aeration of Rivers,” Journal of the Institution of Water Engineers, Vol. 6, No. 11, 1957, pp. 477–490.
12.
Gameson, A. L. H., Vandyke, K. G., and Ogden, C. G., “The Effect of Temperature on Aeration at Weirs,” Water and Water Engineering, Vol. 62, No. 753, 1958, pp. 489–492.
13.
Kothandaraman, V., “Effects of Contaminants on Reaeration Rates in River Water,” Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 806–817.
14.
Mathis, B. J., and Butts, T. A., “Sediment Oxygen Demand and Its Effect on Dissolved Oxygen in a Cutoff Meander of the Kaskaskia River,” University of Illinois Water Resources Center Report 162, Project No. S‐072‐ILL, Champaign, Ill., 1981, 62 pp.
15.
Mastropietro, M. A., “Effects of Dam Aeration on Waste Assimilation Capacities of the Mohawk River,” Proceedings of the 23rd Industrial Waste Conference—Part Two, Engineering Extension Series No. 132, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind., 1968, pp. 754–765.
16.
McKeown, J. J., and Gehm, H. W., “Artificial Reaeration of Receiving Waters,” Technical Bulletin 229, National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc., May, 1967, pp. 5–14.
17.
“Notes on Water Pollution,” Aeration at Weirs, Department of the Environment, Water Research Laboratory, Elder Way, Stevenage, Herts, England, June, No. 61.
18.
Tebbutts, T. H. Y., Essery, I. T. S., and Rasarathnam, S. K., “Reaeration Performance of Stepped Cascades,” Journal of the Institution of Water Engineers and Scientists, Vol. 31, No. 4, 1977, pp. 285–297.
19.
Velz, C. J., “Factors Influencing Self‐purification and Their Relation to Pollution Abatement,” Sewage Works Journal, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 629.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 109 • Issue 3 • June 1983
Pages: 555 - 573
Copyright
Copyright © 1983 ASCE.
History
Published online: Jun 1, 1983
Published in print: Jun 1983
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.