Experimental Investigation of Uniaxial Compressive Behavior of Composite Columns without and with Full and Partial CFRP Wraps
Publication: Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 29, Issue 3
Abstract
Concrete columns are the backbone of any major structure, and their strengthening, repair, and retrofit have always drawn special research attention. One of the techniques for strengthening and improving the ductility of concrete columns has been the application of carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials. A total of 43 columns of different configurations were experimentally investigated to evaluate the uniaxial compressive behavior of composite columns. Experimental and international code–recommended load-carrying capacities, stress–strain relations, axial stiffness, ductility factor, and failure modes were examined in the study. When fully wrapped, the strength of both plain cement concrete and reinforced cement concrete columns improved by 21% each with reference to the unwrapped columns. In addition to providing the advantages of external confinement to the columns, full wrapping contributed to a strength increment of 21%, which compared well with the steel reinforcement contribution to a strength increment of 28% to 39%. The partial wrapping technique was found to be an economical alternative to the full wrapping technique, with strength enhancements of 6% to 12% in the case of both plain cement concrete and reinforced cement concrete partially wrapped columns. Two regression models for the load-carrying capacity for columns with and without wraps were developed with four key performance parameters: percentage steel reinforcement, percentage concrete, percentage carbon fiber–reinforced polymer wrap, and the weight of the specimen. The formulated models were validated and found to be robust and consistent with the results.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and codes generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank and acknowledge the technical support received from CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, and Lt. Col. Manu Chhabra, GE (I) R&D, DRDO, Bangalore East, and his team for the conduct of this study.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2017. Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening concrete structures. ACI 440.2R-17. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Alam, M. I., S. Fawzia, and X. L. Zhao. 2016. “Numerical investigation of CFRP strengthened full-scale CFST columns subjected to vehicular impact.” Eng. Struct. 126 (Nov): 292–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.07.058.
Alkhrdaji, T., and A. Nanni. 2000. “Flexural strengthening of bridge piers using FRP composites.” In Proc., Advanced Technology in Structural Engineering. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Al-Mekhlafi, G. M., M. A. Al-Osta, and A. M. Sharif. 2020. “Behavior of eccentrically loaded concrete-filled stainless steel tubular stub columns confined by CFRP composites.” Eng. Struct. 205 (Feb): 110113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.110113.
Anuntasena, W., A. Lenwari, and T. Thepchatri. 2020. “Axial compression behavior of concrete-encased cellular steel columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 172 (Sep): 106220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.106220.
BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards). 2000. Indian standard code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete. IS 456-2000. New Delhi: BIS.
De Luca, A., F. Nardone, F. Matta, A. Nanni, G. P. Lignola, and A. Prota. 2011. “Structural evaluation of full-scale FRP-confined reinforced concrete columns.” J. Compos. Constr. 15 (1): 112–123. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000152.
Ergun, O., and M. Schäfer. 2021. “Numerical investigation for the design of rectangular concrete encased steel composite columns.” ce/papers 4 (2): 606–613. https://doi.org/10.1002/cepa.1338.
fib (Fédération Internationale du Béton). 2001. Technical report on the design and use of externally bonded FRP reinforcement for RC structures. Rep. No. 14. Lausanne Switzerland: fib.
Guralnick, S. A., and L. Gunawan. 2006. “Strengthening of reinforced concrete bridge columns with FRP wrap.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 11 (4): 218–228. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0680(2006)11:4(218).
Hollaway, L. 2010. “A review of the present and future utilisation of FRP composites in the civil infrastructure with reference to their important in-service properties.” Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (12): 2419–2445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.04.062.
Kaeseberg, S., D. Messerer, and K. Holschemacher. 2019. “Assessment of standards and codes dedicated to CFRP confinement of RC columns.” Materials 12 (15): 2390. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12152390.
Lai, B., and J. R. Liew. 2021. “Investigation on axial load-shorting behaviour of high strength concrete encased steel composite section.” Eng. Struct. 227 (Jan): 111401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111401.
Li, X., H. L. Lv, G. C. Zhang, S. Y. Sha, and S. C. Zhou. 2013. “Seismic retrofitting of rectangular reinforced concrete columns using fiber composites for enhanced flexural strength.” J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 32 (9): 619–630. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684413477222.
Liang, J., W. Zou, W. Li, and D. Liu. 2021. “Behaviour of CFRP strips confined partially encased concrete columns under axial compressive load.” Compos. Struct. 275 (Nov): 114468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114468.
Mugahed, A. Y. H., R. Alyousef, R. S. M. Rashid, J. H. Alabdul, and C. C. Hung. 2018. “Properties and applications of FRP in strengthening RC structures: A review.” Structures 16 (Nov): 208–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2018.09.008.
Noroozieh, E., and A. Mansouri. 2019. “Lateral strength and ductility of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with NSM FRP rebars and FRP jacket.” Int. J. Adv. Struct. Eng. 11 (2): 195–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40091-019-0225-5.
Obaidat, Y. T. 2022. “Effect of slenderness ratio on confined reinforced concrete columns using NSM-CFRP rope.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 28 (1): 04022069. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000750.
Razvi, S. R., and M. Saatcioglu. 1994. “Strength and deformability of confined high-strength concrete columns.” ACI Struct. J. 91 (6): 678–687.
R&M Rasayana. 2019. R&M-carbon fibre—400 GSM. Mumbai, India: R&M Rasayana Private Limited.
Sandrasekaran, S., and N. Modak. 2022. “Compression performance of square steel tubular members externally enfolded with carbon fiber–reinforced polymer sheet.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 27 (2): 04021080. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000664.
Seifi, A., A. Hosseini, M. S. Marefat, and M. Khanmohammadi. 2017. “Seismic retrofitting of old-type RC columns with different lap splices by NSM GFRP and steel bars.” Struct. Des. Tall Special Build. 27 (2): e1413. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1413.
Vrettos, I., E. Kefala, and T. C. Triantafillou. 2013. “Innovative flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete columns using carbon-fiber anchors.” ACI Struct. J. 110 (1): 63–70. https://doi.org/10.14359/51684330.
Wang, X., Y. Qi, Y. Sun, Z. Xie, and W. Liu. 2019. “Compressive behavior of composite concrete columns with encased FRP confined concrete cores.” Sensors 19 (8): 1792. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19081792.
Wei, H., Z. M. Wu, and P. Zhang. 2009. “Axial experiment on CFRP confined steel reinforced concrete columns with partial deteriorated strength.” J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 29 (6): 874–882. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684408100739.
Wu, Y. F., and Y. Y. Wei. 2010. “Effect of cross-sectional aspect ratio on the strength of CFRP-confined rectangular concrete columns.” Eng. Struct. 32 (1): 32–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.08.012.
Xiao, Y. 2004. “Applications of FRP composites in concrete columns.” Adv. Struct. Eng. 7 (4): 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369433041653552.
Yang, Y., L. Sneed, M. S. Saiidi, A. Belarbi, M. Ehsani, and R. He. 2015. “Emergency repair of an RC bridge column with fractured bars using externally bonded prefabricated thin CFRP laminates and CFRP strips.” Compos. Struct. 133 (Dec): 727–738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.07.045.
Yao, L. Z., and G. Wu. 2016. “Fiber-element modeling for seismic performance of square RC bridge columns retrofitted with NSM BFRP bars and/or BFRP sheet confinement.” J. Compos. Constr. 20 (4): 04016001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000652.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 26, 2023
Accepted: Jan 3, 2024
Published online: Mar 29, 2024
Published in print: Aug 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Aug 29, 2024
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Carbon fibers
- Columns
- Compressive strength
- Concrete
- Concrete columns
- Engineering materials (by type)
- Fibers
- Material mechanics
- Material properties
- Materials engineering
- Reinforced concrete
- Strength of materials
- Structural behavior
- Structural engineering
- Structural members
- Structural strength
- Structural systems
- Synthetic materials
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.