Seismic Performance and Control of Elevated Liquid Storage Tanks with Negative Stiffness and Inerter-Based Dampers
Publication: Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 28, Issue 3
Abstract
This study presents the application of a novel negative stiffness and inerter damper (NSID) for structural response control of reinforced concrete (RC) elevated liquid storage tanks (LST). The innovative NSID combines the advantages of the two mechanical devices by concurrently combining negative stiffness dampers (NSD) and inerter mechanisms. A multi-degree-of-freedom staging system with a two-mass lumped model (sloshing and rigid masses) for the liquid-filled container is used to model the RC-elevated LST. The stiffness constants associated with these lumped masses are calculated based on the tank wall and liquid mass parameters. The governing equations for the elevated LST model with NSIDs are derived and represented in state-space form. Time history analysis is carried out under near-fault (NF) and far-field (FF) earthquake records to investigate the performance of NSIDs as supplemental dampers. The most effective NSID parameters are found by optimizing them using a parametric analysis. Three different design scenarios based on different placements of NSIDs along the height of an elevated LST are presented. The overturning moment, base shear, rigid mass accelerations, and sloshing displacements are the objective parameters for evaluating the seismic performance and control efficiency of the NSIDs. Numerical studies show that the optimum NSID utilizes a minimum dashpot coefficient and effectively reduces the structural response quantities. In particular, the controlled LST shows a maximum 61.8% reduction in overturning moment compared to uncontrolled LST, which is a considerable decrease.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
On reasonable request, the corresponding author will provide all of the data, models, and/or code that support the conclusions of this study.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2021. “Code requirements for seismic analysis and design of liquid-containing concrete structures (ACI 350.3-20) and commentary.” Accessed July 28, 2022. https://www.concrete.org/store/productdetail.aspx?ItemID=350320&Language=English&Units=US_AND_METRIC.
Cao, L., and C. Li. 2019. “Tuned tandem mass dampers-inerters with broadband high effectiveness for structures under white noise base excitations.” Struct. Control Health Monit. 26 (4): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2319.
Cao, L., and C. Li. 2022. “A high performance hybrid passive base-isolated system.” Struct. Control Heath Monit. 29 (3): e2887. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2887.
Cao, L., C. Li, and X. Chen. 2020. “Performance of multiple tuned mass dampers-inerters for structures under harmonic ground acceleration.” Smart Struct. Syst. 26 (1): 49–61. https://doi.org/10.12989/SSS.2020.26.1.049.
Das, A. 2022. “Characterization of liquid sloshing in U-shaped container with submerged cylinder to be used as dampers for structural vibration control.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 27 (1): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000621.
De Domenico, D., and G. Ricciardi. 2018. “Optimal design and seismic performance of tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI) for structures with nonlinear base isolation systems.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 47 (12): 2539–2560. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3098.
Gao, H., H. Wang, J. Li, Z. Wang, R. Liang, Z. Xu, and Y. Ni. 2021. “Optimum design of viscous inerter damper targeting multi-mode vibration mitigation of stay cables.” Eng. Struct. 226 (Jan): 111375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111375.
Haroun, M. A. 1983. “Vibration studies and tests of liquid storage tanks.” Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. 11 (2): 179–206. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290110204.
Haroun, M. A., and G. W. Housner. 1981. “Earthquake response of deformable liquid storage tanks.” J. Appl. Mech. 48 (2): 411–418. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3157631.
Housner, G. W. 1963. “The dynamic behavior of water tanks.” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 53 (2): 381–387. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0530020381.
Islam, N. U., and R. S. Jangid. 2021. “Seismic performance of the inerter and negative stiffness–based dampers for vibration control of structures.” Front. Built Environ. 7 (Dec): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2021.773622.
Islam, N. U., and R. S. Jangid. 2022a. “Optimal design of true negative stiffness damper as a supplemental damping device for base-isolated structure.” In A system engineering approach to disaster resilience. Lecture notes in civil engineering, 471–483. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7397-9_34.
Islam, N. U., and R. S. Jangid. 2022b. “Optimum parameters of tuned inerter damper for damped structures.” J. Sound Vib. 537 (Oct): 117218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2022.117218.
Islam, N. U., and R. S. Jangid. 2023. “Optimum parameters and performance of negative stiffness and inerter based dampers for base-isolated structures.” Bull. Earthquake Eng. 21 (3): 1411–1438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-022-01372-5.
Jadhav, M. B., and R. S. Jangid. 2004. “Response of base-isolated liquid storage tanks.” Shock Vib. 11 (1): 33–45. https://doi.org/10.1155/2004/276030.
Jangid, R. S. 2021. “Optimum tuned inerter damper for base-isolated structures.” J. Vib. Eng. Technol. 9 (7): 1483–1497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42417-021-00309-7.
Jangid, R. S. 2022. “Seismic performance assessment of clutching inerter damper for isolated bridges.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 27 (2): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000661.
Jiang, Y., Z. Zhao, R. Zhang, D. De Domenico, and C. Pan. 2020. “Optimal design based on analytical solution for storage tank with inerter isolation system.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 129 (Feb): 105924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105924.
Kalantari, A. 2017. “Seismic response reduction in liquid storage tanks by simple smart base isolation systems.” Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. Civ. Eng. 41 (2): 121–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-017-0048-1.
Kangda, M. Z., S. Bakre, H. Kancharla, and E. Noroozinejad Farsangi. 2022. “Seismic performance upgrade of elevated water tanks utilizing friction dampers.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 27 (4): 04022045. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000720.
Krausmann, E., and A. M. Cruz. 2013. “Impact of the 11 March 2011, Great East Japan earthquake and Tsunami on the chemical industry.” Nat. Hazards 67 (2): 811–828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0607-0.
Kumar, H., and S. K. Saha. 2021. “Seismic performance of base-isolated elevated liquid storage tanks considering soil–structure interaction.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 26 (1): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000545.
Lee, J. J., and J. M. Kelly. 2019. “The effect of damping in isolation system on the performance of base-isolated system.” J. Rubber Res. 22 (2): 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42464-019-00012-z.
Li, Y., S. Li, and Z. Chen. 2021. “Optimal design and effectiveness evaluation for inerter-based devices on mitigating seismic responses of base isolated structures.” Earthquake Eng. Eng. Vibr. 20 (4): 1021–1032. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-021-2066-z.
Manos, G. C., and R. W. Clough. 1985. “Tank damage during the May 1983 Coalinga earthquake.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 13 (4): 449–466. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290130403.
Marian, L., and A. Giaralis. 2014. “Optimal design of a novel tuned mass-damper-inerter (TMDI) passive vibration control configuration for stochastically support-excited structural systems.” Probab. Eng. Mech. 38 (Oct): 156–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2014.03.007.
Narayanasetti, M. D., A. Pandit, and K. C. Biswal. 2022. “Seismic analysis of base-isolated liquid storage tank with submerged block.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 27 (1): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000633.
Niwa, A., and R. W. Clough. 1982. “Buckling of cylindrical liquid-storage tanks under earthquake loading.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 10 (1): 107–122. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290100108.
Nyangi, P., and K. Ye. 2021. “Optimal design of dual isolated structure with supplemental tuned inerter damper based on performance requirements.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 149 (Oct): 106830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2021.106830.
Panchal, V. R., and R. S. Jangid. 2011. “Seismic response of liquid storage steel tanks with variable frequency pendulum isolator.” KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 15 (6): 1041–1055. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-011-0945-y.
Panchal, V. R., and R. S. Jangid. 2012. “Behaviour of liquid storage tanks with VCFPS under near-fault ground motions.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. 8 (1): 71–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732470903300919.
Pasala, D. T. R., A. A. Sarlis, S. Nagarajaiah, A. M. Reinhorn, M. C. Constantinou, and D. Taylor. 2013. “Adaptive negative stiffness: New structural modification approach for seismic protection.” J. Struct. Eng. 139 (7): 1112–1123. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000615.
Pietrosanti, D., M. De Angelis, and A. Giaralis. 2021. “Experimental seismic performance assessment and numerical modelling of nonlinear inerter vibration absorber (IVA)-equipped base isolated structures tested on shaking table.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 50 (10): 2732–2753. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3469.
Prakash, S., and R. S. Jangid. 2022. “Optimum parameters of tuned mass damper-inerter for damped structure under seismic excitation.” Int. J. Dyn. Control 10 (5): 1322–1336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40435-022-00911-x.
Providakis, C. P. 2008. “Effect of LRB isolators and supplemental viscous dampers on seismic isolated buildings under near-fault excitations.” Eng. Struct. 30 (5): 1187–1198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.07.020.
Shrimali, M. K., and R. S. Jangid. 2003. “Earthquake response of isolated elevated liquid storage steel tanks.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 59 (10): 1267–1288. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-974X(03)00066-X.
Smith, M. C. 2002. “Synthesis of mechanical networks: The inerter.” IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 47 (10): 1648–1662. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2002.803532.
Steinbrugge, K. V., and R. Flores. 1963. “The Chilean earthquakes of May, 1960: A structural engineering viewpoint.” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 53 (2): 225–307. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0530020225.
Taflanidis, A. A., A. Giaralis, and D. Patsialis. 2019. “Multi-objective optimal design of inerter-based vibration absorbers for earthquake protection of multi-storey building structures.” J. Franklin Inst. 356 (14): 7754–7784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2019.02.022.
Takewaki, I., S. Murakami, S. Yoshitomi, and M. Tsuji. 2012. “Fundamental mechanism of earthquake response reduction in building structures with inertial dampers.” Struct. Control Health Monit. 19 (6): 590–608. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.457.
Talley, P. C., A. Javidialesaadi, N. E. Wierschem, and M. D. Denavit. 2021. “Evaluation of steel building structures with inerter-based dampers under seismic loading.” Eng. Struct. 242 (Sep): 112488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112488.
Tsipianitis, A., and Y. Tsompanakis. 2022. “Improving the seismic performance of base-isolated liquid storage tanks with supplemental linear viscous dampers.” Earthquake Eng. Eng. Vibr. 21 (1): 269–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-022-2083-6.
Veletsos, A. S., and Y. Tang. 1987. “Rocking response of liquid storage tanks.” J. Eng. Mech. 113 (11): 1774–1792. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1987)113:11(1774).
Vern, S., M. K. Shrimali, S. D. Bharti, and T. K. Datta. 2021. “Attaining optimum passive control in liquid-storage tank by using multiple vertical baffles.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 26 (3): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000586.
Waghmare, M. V., S. N. Madhekar, and V. A. Matsagar. 2020. “Influence of nonlinear fluid viscous dampers on seismic response of RC elevated storage tanks.” Civ. Eng. J. 6 (Dec): 98–118. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-SP(EMCE)-09.
Waghmare, M. V., S. N. Madhekar, and V. A. Matsagar. 2022. “Performance of RC elevated liquid storage tanks installed with semi-active pseudo-negative stiffness dampers.” Struct. Control Health Monit. 29 (4): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2924.
Wang, M., F. Sun, and S. Nagarajaiah. 2019. “Simplified optimal design of MDOF structures with negative stiffness amplifying dampers based on effective damping.” Struct. Des. Tall Special Build. 28 (15): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1664.
Wang, M., F. F. Sun, S. Nagarajaiah, and Y. W. Li. 2022. “Frequency-dependency/independency analysis of damping magnification effect provided by tuned inerter absorber and negative stiffness amplifying damper considering soil-structure interaction.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 172 (Jun): 108965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2022.108965.
Zhang, R., Z. Zhao, and C. Pan. 2018. “Influence of mechanical layout of inerter systems on seismic mitigation of storage tanks.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 114 (Nov): 639–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.07.036.
Zhu, H. P., Z. A. Tang, and H. Luo. 2023. “Feasibility analyses of negative-stiffness dampers for seismic performance enhancement of a base-isolated liquid storage tank.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 164 (Jan): 107575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107575.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 6, 2022
Accepted: Mar 4, 2023
Published online: Apr 27, 2023
Published in print: Aug 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Sep 27, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Sajad Javadinasab Hormozabad, Nathan Jacobs, Mariantonieta Gutierrez Soto, Reinforcement Learning for Integrated Structural Control and Health Monitoring, Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 10.1061/PPSCFX.SCENG-1455, 29, 3, (2024).