Abstract
Two new design and certification methodologies have been developed to compute the reliability of façade access systems using simplified risk-based procedures. These methods consider uncertainties in the loads, load effects, and component capacities to calculate individual component probabilities of failure. These probabilities are then used to compute an overall system probability of failure, which can be used for both design decision making and system certification purposes. A worked example is presented to fully demonstrate the certification procedure.
Practical Applications
In this paper, reliable procedures to certify and design façade access systems are both presented and demonstrated. These methods determine the risk of failure for each element of a façade access system and then use these to determine the risk of system failure. This risk of failure can then be compared against the desired maximum risk for failure of the system. These approaches are useful for efficiently computing the approximate reliability of a façade access system, which can then be used to inform design, certification, planning, and/or operation decision making. These are intended to be practical approaches to determine the reliability of a façade access system. As such, the necessary steps and equations for these methods are discussed, and a fully worked example is presented.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data and models generated or used during this study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The author gratefully acknowledges Prof. Jamshid Mohammadi and Prof. Mehdi Modares for their invaluable advice throughout the development of this work.
References
AISC. 2016. Specification for structural steel buildings. ANSI/AISC 360-16. Chicago: AISC.
ASCE. 2015. “Façade access equipment: Structural design, evaluation, and testing.” In Task committee on façade access design guidelines. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Ellingwood, B. E., J. G. MacGregor, T. V. Galambos, and C. A. Cornell. 1982. “Probability based load criteria: Load factors and load combinations.” J. Struct. Div. ASCE 108 (5): 978–997. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0005959.
Federal Register. 2016. “Walking-working surfaces and personal protective equipment (fall protection systems); Final rule.” Fed. Regist. 81 (223): 82494–83006.
IWCA (International Window Cleaning Association). 2001. Window cleaning safety. I-14.1-2001. Zanesville, OH: IWCA.
Khisty, C. J., J. Mohammadi, and A. A. Amekudzi. 2012. Systems engineering. Fort Lauderdale, FL: J. Ross Publishing.
Mathcad. 2022. PTC mathcad prime 8. Boston, MA: PTC.
Mathematica. 2022. Mathematica 13.1. Champaign, IL: Wolfram.
Montgomery, D. C., and G. C. Runger. 2014. Applied statistics and probability for engineers. 6th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Noton, R., and A. T. Emmons. 2018. “Fall protection anchorage testing: Are you doing more harm than good?” Prof. Saf. 63 (10): 36–39.
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration). 2017. Occupational safety and health standards: Scaffolds and rope descent systems, 1910.27. Washington, DC: OSHA.
Ravindra, M. K., and T. V. Galambos. 1978. “Load and resistance factor design for steel.” J. Struct. Div. ASCE 104 (9): 1337–1353. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0004981.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 18, 2022
Accepted: Feb 23, 2023
Published online: Jun 17, 2023
Published in print: Nov 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Nov 17, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Analysis (by type)
- Computing in civil engineering
- Continuum mechanics
- Dynamics (solid mechanics)
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering mechanics
- Engineering profession
- Failure analysis
- Failure loads
- Foundation design
- Foundations
- Geotechnical engineering
- Licensure and certification
- Load bearing capacity
- Mathematics
- Motion (dynamics)
- Practice and Profession
- Probability
- Professional practice
- Solid mechanics
- Static loads
- Statics (mechanics)
- System reliability
- Systems engineering
- Systems management
- Uncertainty principles
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.