Reliability of Algorithms for Pipe Network Analysis

Algorithms for analyzing steady-state flow conditions in pipe networks are described for general applications. The algorithms are based on both loop equations expressed in terms of unknown flowrates and node equations expressed in terms of unknown heads. Five methods, which represent those in significant use today, are included. Using an extensive data base, describing a variety of pipe networks, the reliabilities of these algorithms for pipe network analysis were investigated. Numerous convergence and reliability problems were documented. Two methods based on loop equations have superior convergence characteristics. Methods based on node equations were less reliable; single adjustment methods must be employed with caution.