Turbulent Jets with Reversible Buoyancy

The results of the numerical analysis of turbulent warm water jets discharging into quiescent water at freezing temperature are summarized. Due to the peculiar variation of the density of water at low water temperatures, the behavior of a warm water jet is different from that of a buoyant jet in which the density can be assumed to be a linear function of the temperature. The problem is analyzed by employing the integral approach and assuming similarity conditions for velocity and temperature profiles. The nonlinear variation of density with temperature is included in the analysis. Results for the jet trajectory, width, and dilution are presented in graphical form. These solutions can be used to predict the behavior of warm submerged jets discharging into lakes during winter season when the ambient temperature of the lake is near the freezing mark.