Swirling Shallow Submerged Turbulent Plumes

A mathematical model, using method of images and various flux conservation equations for a swirling deeply submerged plume, has been developed to predict the flow development of a shallow submerged jet near a free surface. The swirl imparted to the effluent plume reduces the length of its flow development along the axial direction. The migration of the maximum velocity and maximum temperature (or density) excess loci towards the free surface is initiated earlier, and these loci reach the free surface at a shorter distance downstream from the orifice, with increasing degrees of the initial swirl of the jets. The increasing submergence of the jet increases both the lateral and longitudinal spread of the jet and the thermal contamination of the body of the water in the reservoir.