Dividing Flow in Branches and Wyes

Results of many investigations and general experiments on the energy losses for dividing flow in hydraulic conduits are reviewed and analyzed. Laboratory research studies are compared for symmetrical wye branches, manifolds, and standard and tapered branches. Some special shapes prepared for specific structures are also included. New types of designs for penstock branches developed by Escher Wyss and Krupp are described and the results of field and laboratory measurements of these branches are presented. Recommendations are made on the head loss coefficients that seem to be best suited for various types of branching conduits. Twenty-six references are cited.