Chapter V: Sediment Control Methods: C. Control of Sediment in Canals

Removal of sediment from stream diversions into canals is a major design problem. The design must be based on the most economic arrangement to remove that part of the sediment which cannot be transported through the lateral system onto the land without damage. Design of diversion structures by analytical methods is not yet practical. Such designs are most reliable when based on model studies. Canal diversions from a stream are usually located on the outside of a curve to take advantage of the principle of spiral flow. Structures that reduce the amount of bedload entering canals are classified generally as diverters or ejectors. Several examples of these structures are described and reviewed. Removal of accumulated sediment from most of these structures is accomplished by sluicing. Excessive amount of suspended sediment is removed from canals by settling basins. Sediment deposited in settling basins is removed by sluicing, dredging, or mechanical means.