Heated Surface Jets in Steady Crosscurrent

Twenty-two surveys were made of the velocity and temperature patterns from the discharge of the two outfall conduits of a 190 Mw power plant into Lake Monona, WI. These surveys indicated that, beyond a shallow region close to shore, the warm water spreads as a two-dimensional momentum jet in a surface layer about 1 m thick. A mathematical model, using the integral mass, momentum and energy equations, is developed to describe the jet temperature, velocity, width and curvature; the effects of wind shear are included in the model. Data reduction techniques were programmed to facilitate compilation of extensive field data. The model predicted jet center line velocities within 2 cm per sec and center line jet temperatures within 1° C of the field observations. Entrainment coefficients were 1 to 10 times greater than for jets in a quiescent fluid. Vertical entrainment was negligible. The surface heat loss from the jets to the atmosphere was negligible relative to the rapid dilution of the heat in the lake.