Multiobjective Approach for Water Distribution Network Design Combining Pipe Sizing and Isolation Valve Placement
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 150, Issue 10
Abstract
This paper presents a novel methodology for the coupled optimization of water distribution network (WDN) pipe sizing and isolation valve placement. The methodology is based on the effective application of biobjective genetic algorithm optimization to simultaneously minimize installation cost and average demand shortfall due to segment isolations, followed by a postprocessing financial analysis including assessment of valve maintenance costs. For speeding up convergence, a constraint is implemented in the optimization to enforce the telescopic property of pipe diameters, which are expected to shrink from source(s) to external parts of the WDN. The methodology is applied to two case studies with different levels of complexity, enabling the results to be compared with the traditional approach based on decoupled least-cost optimization of pipe sizing and placement of isolation valves at all (N_valve rule) or all but one (N-1_valve rule) pipes connected to the generic demand node. The least-cost pipe design equipped with the N_valve rule valve placement is always dominated. The adoption of the N-1_valve rule yields very close results to the optimization, as long as the best among the very numerous possible N-1_valve layouts is suitably identified. However, more beneficial solutions featuring lower valve maintenance costs can be selected from the optimal solutions obtained from the novel methodology. The use of the weighted average demand shortfall as objective function, instead of the simple average demand shortfall, tends to produce a larger variety of solutions.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or code that support the findings of this study is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
Authors A. Mottahedin, C. Giudicianni, and E. Creaco would like to acknowledge support from Italian MIUR and University of Pavia within the program Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2023–2027. The author M. C. Cunha would like to acknowledge the support of national funds through FCT, under the project UIDB/00285/2020.
References
Alperovits, E., and U. Shamir. 1977. “Design of optimal water distribution systems.” Water Resour. Res. 13 (6): 885–900. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR013i006p00885.
Baird, G. M. 2011. “Managing assets: When going with the flow doesn’t save money.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 103 (9): 18–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2011.tb11526.x.
BIWS. 2022. “Battle of intermittent water supply.” Accessed March 22, 2022. https://wdsa-ccwi2022.upv.es/wp-content/uploads/descargas/BIWS_Instructions.pdf.
Creaco, E., M. Franchini, and S. Alvisi. 2010. “Optimal placement of isolation valves in water distribution systems based on valve cost and weighted average demand shortfall.” Water Resour. Manage. 24 (15): 4317–4338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-010-9661-5.
Creaco, E., M. Franchini, and S. Alvisi. 2012. “Evaluating water demand shortfalls in segment analysis.” Water Resour. Manage. 26 (8): 2301–2321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-012-0018-0.
Creaco, E., M. Franchini, and E. Todini. 2016. “Generalized resilience and failure indices for use with pressure-driven modeling and leakage.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 142 (8): 04016019 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000656.
Deep, K., K. P. Singh, M. L. Kansal, and C. Mohan. 2009. “A real coded genetic algorithm for solving integer and mixed integer optimization problems.” Appl. Math. Comput. 212 (2): 505–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2009.02.044.
Giudicianni, C., M. Herrera, A. di Nardo, A. Carravetta, H. M. Ramos, and K. Adeyeye. 2020. “Zero-net energy management for the monitoring and control of dynamically-partitioned smart water systems.” J. Cleaner Prod. 252 (Jun): 119745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119745.
Giudicianni, C., M. Herrera, A. Di Nardo, E. Creaco, and R. Greco. 2022. “Multi-criteria method for the realistic placement of water quality sensors on pipes of water distribution systems.” Environ. Modell. Software 152 (Jan): 105405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105405.
Giustolisi, O. 2020. “Water distribution network reliability assessment and isolation valve system.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 146 (1): 04019064. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001128.
Giustolisi, O., L. Berardi, and D. Laucelli. 2014. “Optimal water distribution network design accounting for valve shutdowns.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 140 (3): 277–287. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000327.
Giustolisi, O., and D. Savic. 2010. “Identification of segments and optimal isolation valve system design in water distribution networks.” Urban Water J. 7 (1): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/15730620903287530.
Hashimoto, T., J. R. Stedinger, and D. P. Loucks. 1982. “Reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability criteria for water resource system performance evaluation.” Water Resour. Res. 18 (1): 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR018i001p00014.
Huang, J., E. McBean, and W. James. 2005. “A review of reliability analysis for water quality in water distribution systems.” J. Water Manage. Modell. 17 (Feb): 107–130. https://doi.org/10.14796/JWMM.R223-07.
Lee, S., and D. Jung. 2021. “Accounting for phasing of isolation valve installation in water distribution networks.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 147 (7): 06021007. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001402.
Liu, H., D. A. Savić, Z. Kapelan, E. Creaco, and Y. Yuan. 2017. “Reliability surrogate measures for water distribution system design: Comparative analysis.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 143 (2): 04016072 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000728.
MathWorks. 2022. Global optimization toolbox. Natick, MA: MathWorks.
Prasad, T. D., and N.-S. Park. 2004. “Multiobjective genetic algorithms for design of water distribution networks.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 130 (1): 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2004)130:1(73).
Todini, E. 2000. “Looped water distribution networks design using a resilience index based heuristic approach.” Urban Water 2 (2): 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1462-0758(00)00049-2.
Wagner, J. M., U. Shamir, and D. H. Marks. 1988a. “Water distribution reliability: Analytical methods.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 114 (3): 253–275. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1988)114:3(253).
Wagner, J. M., U. Shamir, and D. H. Marks. 1988b. “Water distribution reliability: Simulation methods.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 114 (3): 276–294. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1988)114:3(276).
Walski, T. M. 1993. “Water distribution valve topology for reliability analysis.” Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 42 (1): 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/0951-8320(93)90051-Y.
Walski, T. M., J. S. Weiler, and T. Culver. 2008. “Using criticality analysis to identify impact of valve location.” In Proc., Water Distribution Systems Analysis Symp. 2006, 1–9. Reston, VA: ASCE. https://doi.org/10.1061/40941(247)31.
Yang, Z., S. Guo, Z. Hu, D. Yao, L. Wang, B. Yang, and X. Liang. 2022. “Optimal placement of new isolation valves in a water distribution network considering existing valves.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 148 (6): 04022032. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001568.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 8, 2023
Accepted: May 2, 2024
Published online: Aug 12, 2024
Published in print: Oct 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Jan 12, 2025
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Benefit cost ratios
- Business management
- Engineering fundamentals
- Equipment and machinery
- Financial management
- Infrastructure
- Models (by type)
- Optimization models
- Pipe networks
- Pipeline systems
- Pipelines
- Pipes
- Practice and Profession
- Valves
- Water and water resources
- Water management
- Water pipelines
- Water supply
- Water supply systems
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Amirabbas Mottahedin, Carlo Giudicianni, Fabio Di Nunno, Francesco Granata, Maria Cunha, Thomas Walski, Enrico Creaco, Analysis, design, and maintenance of isolation valves in water distribution networks: State of the art review, insights from field experiences and future directions, Water Research, 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122088, 262, (122088), (2024).