Wind Effects on Wave Overtopping at a Vertical Sea Defense
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 4
Abstract
The wind effect on the efficiency of a coastal defense structure is studied in this paper. It is normally assumed that the strength of the wind impact is characterized by the impulse parameter. If it is lower than a certain value, the wind is expected to have a dominant effect on the wave overtopping rate. In contrast to the regular observation, this study reports a new regime of wave overshoot when a low value of the impulse parameter does not lead to increased importance of wind. It is argued that the new regime appears due to the triplet instability previously studied by others. The variation of the standing wave height and the overshooting jet between the sequential cycles results in independence of the overtopping rates of the wind speed.
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Acknowledgments
This project was funded by NERC, UK under Grant Number NE/R009155/1 and CIRIA, UK to whom we are very grateful. We are grateful to E. Silva for her support during the experiments at HR Wallingford. We acknowledge National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) for providing computing resources of “PARAM Shakti” at IIT Kharagpur, which is implemented by C-DAC and supported by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) and Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India. We are grateful to the Reviewers for their constructive comments.
Notation
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- a
- wave amplitude (m);
- dsc
- distance from the sea defense crest (m);
- E
- Standing wave energy flux (kg/s2);
- f
- wave frequency (Hz);
- g
- acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m2/s);
- H
- generic regular wave height (m);
- HInc
- significant wave height in the incident spectra;
- spectral wave height in model scale (m);
- spectral wave height in protype scale (m);
- HRef
- significant wave height in the reflected spectra;
- h
- initial water depth at the toe of the sea defense (m);
- impulse parameter;
- k
- wavenumber (m−1);
- m0,Inc
- zeroth moment of the incident spectra;
- m0,Ref
- zeroth moment of the reflected spectra;
- q
- overtopping rates per unit width of the sea defense (l/s/m);
- Rc
- sea defense crest free-board (m);
- SInc(f)
- incident wave spectrum (m2/Hz);
- SRef(f)
- reflected wave spectrum (m2/Hz);
- peak wave period in model scale (s);
- peak wave period in prototype scale (s);
- x, y, z, t
- spatial variables (m) and time variable (s);
- λm−1,0
- deep water wavelength (m);
- ρ
- density of water (kg/m3); and
- ω
- angular frequency (rad/s).
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Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 149 • Issue 4 • July 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 11, 2022
Accepted: Mar 9, 2023
Published online: May 4, 2023
Published in print: Jul 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Oct 4, 2023
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