Modeling of the Hydrologic Performance of Distributed LID Stormwater under a Changing Climate: Municipal-Scale Performance Improvements
Publication: Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment
Volume 9, Issue 2
Abstract
Results are presented from a large-scale Monte Carlo–style simulation of the use of low-impact development (LID) technologies to reduce runoff from severe storms. Simulations were run to model the hydrologic behavior of a municipal-scale storm sewer network that included porous pavements and green-blue roof systems as part of a distributed stormwater management system. Simulations were run for a variety of land-use types (residential, commercial, and mixed use), design approaches (traditional, LID, and traditional designs with a single LID technology), and pipe networks. The land-use and design approaches for a given location in the municipal network were allocated randomly and run for a broad range of design rainfall depths resulting in over 200,000 individual hydrologic simulations. The results indicate that green-blue roof systems can significantly reduce the peak discharge compared with impervious roof systems, and porous pavements can significantly reduce the total discharge over the municipality compared with impervious pavement systems. This study can inform municipalities about how to achieve current discharge performance with a significantly larger storm volume. Results show that the same peak discharge can be achieved for a 10% deeper storm with the adoption of LID technologies over 30% of the municipality drainage area. This in turn will ensure that the storm system is able to manage the increased storm depths that will result from climate change over the coming decades.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Ryne Philips, Trip West, Michael Whitfield, Joshua Robinson, and Michael Horton for many helpful conversations during this study. They also thank Davis & Floyd, who contributed the original site designs for the case studies. This paper was prepared as a result of work sponsored by the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium with NOAA Financial Assistance No. NA14OAR4170088. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, or NOAA. Additionally, South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium and NOAA may copyright any work that is subject to copyright and was developed, or for which ownership was purchased, under Financial Assistance No. NA14OAR4170088. The South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium and NOAA reserve a royalty-free, nonexclusive, and irrevocable right to reproduce, publish, or otherwise use the work for federal purposes, and to authorize others to do so.
References
Akan, A. O., and R. J. Houghtalen. 2003. Urban hydrology, hydraulics, and stormwater quality: Engineering applications and computer modeling. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Avellaneda, P. M., A. J. Jefferson, J. M. Grieser, and S. A. Bush. 2017. “Simulation of the cumulative hydrological response to green infrastructure.” Water Resour. 53 (4): 3087–3101. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019836.
Damodaram, C., and E. Zechman. 2013. “Simulation-optimization approach to design low impact development for managing peak flow alterations in urbanizing watersheds.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 139 (3): 290–298. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000251.
Giese, E., A. Rockler, A. Shirmohammadi, and M. A. Pavao-Zuckerman. 2019. “Assessing watershed-scale stormwater green infrastructure response to climate change in Clarksburg, Maryland.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 145 (10): 05019015. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001099.
Hung, F., C. J. Harman, B. F. Hobbs, and M. Sivapalan. 2020. “Assessment of climate, sizing, and location controls on green infrastructure efficacy: A timescale framework.” Water Resour. Res. 56 (5): e2019WR026141. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026141.
Hutton, D., N. B. Kaye, and W. D. Martin III. 2016. “Analysis of climate change and 24-hour design storm depths for a range of return periods across South Carolina.” J. South Carolina Water Resour. 2 (1): 4. https://doi.org/10.34068/JSCWR.02.08.
Lee, B.-C., Y. Shimizu, T. Matsuda, and S. Matsui. 2005. “Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different size fractions in deposited road particles (DRPs) from Lake Biwa Area, Japan.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 (19): 7402–7409. https://doi.org/10.1021/es050103n.
Martin, W., M. Sumanasooriya, N. B. Kaye, and B. Putman. 2018. “Design of porous pavements for improved water quality and reduced runoff.” In Handbook of environmental engineering, edited by M. Kutz. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Martin, W. D., III, and N. B. Kaye. 2020. “A simple method for sizing modular green–blue roof systems for design storm peak discharge reduction.” SN Appl. Sci. 2 (11): 1874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-03725-8.
Martin, W. D., III, N. B. Kaye, and S. Mohammadi. 2020. “A physics-based routing model for modular green roof systems.” Water Manage. 173 (3): 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.18.00094.
Morgan, S., S. Celik, and W. Retzlaff. 2013. “Green roof storm-water runoff quantity and quality.” J. Environ. Eng. 139 (4): 471–478. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000589.
Murphy, P., N. B. Kaye, and A. A. Khan. 2014. “Hydraulic performance of aggregate beds with perforated pipe underdrains flowing full.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 140 (8): 04014023. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000740.
National Research Council of the National Academies. 2011. Global change and extreme hydrology: Testing conventional wisdom. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Palla, A., and I. Gnecco. 2015. “Hydrologic modeling of low impact development systems at the urban catchment scale.” J. Hydrol. 528 (Sep): 361–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.06.050.
Palla, A., and I. Gnecco. 2020. “A continuous simulation approach to quantify the climate condition effect on the hydrologic performance of green roofs.” Urban Water J. 17 (7): 609–618. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2019.1700287.
SC DHEC (South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control). 2002. Standards for stormwater management and sediment reduction. Columbia, SC: SC DHEC.
Scholz, M., and P. Grabowiecki. 2007. “Review of permeable pavement systems.” Build. Environ. 42 (11): 3830–3836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.11.016.
Schwartz, S. S. 2010. “Effective curve number and hydrologic design of pervious concrete storm-water systems.” J. Hydrol. Eng. 15 (6): 465. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000140.
Sharmin, R., W. D. Martin III, and N. B. Kaye. 2022. “Hydrologic performance of distributed LID stormwater infrastructure on land developments under a changing climate: Site-scale performance improvements.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 148 (7): 05022001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001684.
Sherrard, J. A., Jr., and J. M. Jacobs. 2012. “Vegetated roof water-balance model: Experimental and model results.” J. Hydrol. Eng. 17 (8): 858–868. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000531.
Stovin, V., S. Poë, and C. Berretta. 2013. “A modelling study of long term green roof retention performance.” J. Environ. Manage. 131 (Dec): 206–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.026.
Sun, W., Q. Li, L. Liu, C. Xu, and Z. Liu. 2014. “Hydrological simulation approaches for BMPs and LID practices in highly urbanized area and development of hydrological performance indicator system.” Water Sci. Eng. 7 (2): 143–154. https://doi.org/10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2014.02.003.
USDA-SCS (US Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Engineering Division). 1986. Urban hydrology for small watersheds. Washington, DC: USDA-SCS.
US EPA. 2007. Reducing stormwater costs through low impact development (LID) strategies and practices. Washington, DC: US EPA.
Voyde, E., E. Fassman, and R. Simcock. 2010. “Hydrology of an extensive living roof under sub-tropical climate conditions in Auckland, New Zealand.” J. Hydrol. 394 (3–4): 384–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.09.013.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 5, 2022
Accepted: Dec 15, 2022
Published online: Feb 8, 2023
Published in print: May 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Jul 8, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Buildings
- Business management
- Climates
- Engineering fundamentals
- Environmental engineering
- Government
- Gravels
- Green buildings
- Hydrologic engineering
- Hydrologic models
- Infrastructure
- Local government
- Meteorology
- Models (by type)
- Organizations
- Pavement condition
- Pavements
- Practice and Profession
- Precipitation
- Storms
- Stormwater management
- Structural engineering
- Structures (by type)
- Sustainable development
- Transportation engineering
- Water and water resources
- Water discharge
- Water treatment
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.