Conceptualizing Equity for Onsite Nonpotable Water Reuse Systems in the United States
Publication: Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment
Volume 9, Issue 2
Abstract
There has been a push to adopt onsite nonpotable water reuse systems (ONWS) as a supplement for conventional centralized water infrastructure. While a majority of work has centered on developing the technology, we instead focus on the implications for equity when attempting wide-scale adoption. Using existing definitions and resources for water equity in the sector, we investigate ONWS in San Francisco and New York City, using semi-structured interviews conducted with stakeholders. A qualitative approach with thematic coding and sentiment analysis is used to explore how stakeholders perceive equity in relation to their work and the resulting social, economic, and environmental implications for ONWS. Results confirm a general sentiment—equity is necessary, yet it is unclear how to incorporate this concept into practice. In some instances, equity is viewed as secondary to utility planning, operation, and management; we propose that it should be incorporated intentionally as an approach to enhance service provision. This study has implications for literature and practice as it demonstrates how decision-makers in ONWS programs engage with the concept of equity. We demonstrate how stakeholders’ roles can impact their implementation of equity, and discuss how practitioners may use this work as foundational understanding in assessing internal operations and practices, improving infrastructure in the pathway to sustainable development.
Practical Applications
This study deconstructs the concept of equity into three constitutive pillars to enable more informed implementation strategies for the adoptions of onsite nonpotable water reuse systems. Data showed that stakeholders showed an interest in equity, however they stated that they did not know how to incorporate it into their work. By deconstructing equity into an economic, environmental, and social pillar, equity impacts can be assessed, measured, and achieved more readily. This study found that stakeholders look both within their organization’s impacts on equity, and externally at what others can do to help them achieve equity. The tradeoffs at the intersection of economic, environmental, and social equity are discussed. While the perfect balance was not discovered in this study, it emphasizes the need for future work to investigate the optimal scale and system configuration that can leverage who has access (social equity), who can afford these systems (economic equity), and the environmental benefits for such adoption (environmental equity).
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Data Availability Statement
Models or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Data cannot be made available due to interviewer-interviewee confidentiality agreements.
Acknowledgments
This study was funded through the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology directorate funds as part of the Water and Sanitation Innovations for Non-grid Solutions (WINGS)—an inter- and transdisciplinary strategic research program. The authors would like to thank those in San Francisco and New York City who took the time to share their experiences, and to the attendees at the Engineering Project Organization Conference who provided feedback on the conceptual framework. Many thanks for your input, which helped strengthen the paper.
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Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment
Volume 9 • Issue 2 • May 2023
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© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Jun 1, 2022
Accepted: Oct 20, 2022
Published online: Jan 11, 2023
Published in print: May 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Jun 11, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Business management
- Engineering fundamentals
- Information management
- Infrastructure
- Municipal water
- Practice and Profession
- Sustainable development
- Terminology and definition
- Urban and regional development
- Urban areas
- Water (by type)
- Water and water resources
- Water management
- Water policy
- Water resources
- Water supply
- Water supply systems
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