Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Model of an RC Frame with Infilled Wall and Localized Corrosion
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 12
Abstract
The reinforcing steel bars embedded in the concrete of a reinforced concrete (RC) structure in a region with high airborne chloride concentrations may corrode. To avoid overestimating the seismic capacity assessment, it is necessary to understand the residual shear strength of an RC frame with infilled wall and localized corrosion. This work investigates the residual shear strength of an RC frame with infilled wall and localized corrosion by designing five wall specimens with corroded reinforcing steel bars to obtain the residual shear strength of each RC frame with infilled wall with different corrosion zones. Additionally, a model based on the softened strut-and-tie model is proposed to determine the residual shear strength of an RC frame with infilled wall and localized corrosion. The experimental and calculation results are compared to verify the application of the proposed model for the shear strength of an RC frame infilled corroded RC wall.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2019. Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. ACI 318-19. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Akiyama, M., D. M. Frangopol, and H. Matsuzaki. 2011. “Life-cycle reliability of RC bridge piers under seismic and airborne chloride hazards.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 40 (15): 1671–1687. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1108.
Almusallam, A. A. 2001. “Effect of degree of corrosion on the properties of reinforcing steel bars.” Constr. Build. Mater. 15 (8): 361–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(01)00009-5.
Alonso, C., J. Andrade, J. Rodriguez, and J. M. Diez. 1998. “Factors controlling cracking of concrete affected by reinforcement corrosion.” Mater. Struct. 31 (7): 435–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02480466.
Benjamin, J. R., and H. A. Williams. 1957. “Behavior of one-story reinforced concrete shear walls.” J. Struct. Div. 83 (3): 1–49. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0000118.
Berto, L., R. Vitaliani, A. Saetta, and P. Simioni. 2009. “Seismic assessment of existing RC structures affected by degradation phenomena.” Struct. Saf. 31 (4): 284–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2008.09.006.
Biondini, F., F. Bontempi, D. M. Frangopol, and P. G. Malerba. 2004. “Cellular automata approach to durability analysis of concrete structures in aggressive environments.” J. Struct. Eng. 130 (11): 1724–1737. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:11(1724).
Biondini, F., F. Bontempi, D. M. Frangopol, and P. G. Malerba. 2006. “Probabilistic service life assessment and maintenance planning of concrete structures.” J. Struct. Eng. 132 (5): 810–825. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:5(810).
Biondini, F., E. Camnasio, and A. Palermo. 2014. “Lifetime seismic performance of concrete bridges exposed to corrosion.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. 10 (7): 880–900. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2012.761248.
Biondini, F., and D. M. Frangopol. 2008. “Probabilistic limit analysis and lifetime prediction of concrete structures.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. 4 (5): 399–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732470701270157.
Biondini, F., and D. M. Frangopol. 2009. “Lifetime reliability-based optimization of reinforced concrete cross-sections under corrosion.” Struct. Saf. 31 (6): 483–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2009.06.008.
Biondini, F., A. Palermo, and G. Toniolo. 2011. “Seismic performance of concrete structures exposed to corrosion: Case studies of low-rise precast buildings.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. 7 (1–2): 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732471003588437.
Capé, M. 1999. Residual service-life assessment of existing R/C structures. Gothenburg, Sweden: Chalmers Univ. of Technology.
Chiu, C. K., and K. N. Chi. 2013. “Analysis of lifetime losses of low-rise reinforced concrete buildings attacked by corrosion and earthquakes using a novel method.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. 9 (12): 1225–1239. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2012.681790.
Chiu, C. K., H. F. Sung, and C. H. Chou. 2022a. “Experimental quantification of seismic damage for RC infill walls using static and dynamic loading test.” J. Build. Eng. 50 (Jun): 104177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104177.
Chiu, C. K., H. F. Sung, and C. H. Chou. 2022b. “Post-earthquake preliminary seismic assessment method for low-rise RC buildings in Taiwan.” J. Build. Eng. 46 (Apr): 103709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103709.
Coronelli, D., and P. Gambaroca. 2004. “Structural assessment of corroded reinforced concrete beams: Modeling guidelines.” J. Struct. Eng. 130 (8): 1214–1224. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:8(1214).
Dai, K. S., and Y. S. Yuan. 2005. “Experimental study on seismic performance of corroded exterior joints in RC frame.” J. China Univ. Mining Technol. 1 (11): 51–56.
Hwang, S. J., W. H. Fang, H. J. Lee, and H. W. Yu. 2001. “Analytical model for predicting shear strength of squat walls.” J. Struct. Eng. 127 (1): 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:1(43).
Hwang, S. J., and H. J. Lee. 2002. “Strength prediction for discontinuity regions by softened strut-and-tie model.” J. Struct. Eng. 128 (12): 1519–1526. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:12(1519).
Hwang, S. J., R. J. Tsai, W. K. Lam, and J. P. Moehle. 2017. “Simplification of softened strut-and-tie model for strength prediction of discontinuity regions.” ACI Struct. J. 114 (5): 1239–1249. https://doi.org/10.14359/51689787.
Kim, H. R., T. Noguchi, and H. Nagai. 2008. “Evaluation mechanical performance of corroded reinforcement considering the surface shape.” J. Struct. Constr. Eng. 73 (624): 181–188. https://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.73.181.
Lee, H. S., T. Noguchi, and F. Tomosawa. 1998. “Fundamental study on evaluation of structural performance of reinforced concrete beam damaged by corrosion of longitudinal tensile main rebar by finite element method.” J. Struct. Constr. Eng. 63 (506): 43–50. https://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.63.43_2.
Li, C. Q., and R. E. Melchers. 2006. “Time-dependent serviceability of corrosion affected concrete structures.” Mag. Concr. Res. 58 (9): 567–574. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.2006.58.9.567.
Li, Y. A., and S. J. Hwang. 2017. “Prediction of lateral load displacement curves for reinforced concrete short columns failed in shear.” J. Struct. Eng. 143 (2): 04016164. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001656.
NCREE (National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering). 2021. Technical manual for the durability diagnosis of RC buildings. [In Chinese.] NCREE-21-004. Taipei, Taiwan: National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering of Taiwan.
Sezen, H., and J. P. Moehle. 2006. “Seismic tests of concrete columns with light transverse reinforcement.” ACI Struct. J. 103 (6): 842–849. https://doi.org/10.14359/18236.
Tsai, R. J. 2015. “Prediction of lateral load displacement curves of reinforced concrete wall with openings.” [In Chinese.] M.S. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan Univ.
Vecchio, F. J., and M. P. Collins. 1986. “The modified compression-field theory for reinforced concrete elements subjected to shear.” ACI Struct. J. 83 (2): 219–231. https://doi.org/10.14359/10416.
Vecchio, F. J., and M. P. Collins. 1993. “Compression response of cracked reinforced concrete.” J. Struct. Eng. 119 (12): 3590–3610. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:12(3590).
Vidal, T., A. Castel, and R. Francois. 2007. “Corrosion process and structural performance of a 17 year old reinforced concrete beam stored in chloride.” Cem. Concr. Res. 37 (11): 1551–1561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.08.004.
Weng, P. W., Y. A. Li, Y. S. Tu, and S. J. Hwang. 2017. “Prediction of the lateral load-displacement curves for reinforced concrete squat walls failing in shear.” J. Struct. Eng. 143 (10): 04017141. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001872.
Wu, F., J. H. Gong, and Z. Zhang. 2014. “Calculation of corrosion rate for reinforced concrete beams based on corrosive crack width.” J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A 15 (3): 197–207. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1300280.
Yalciner, H., S. Sensoy, and O. Eren. 2012. “Time-dependent seismic performance assessment of a single-degree-of-freedom frame subject to corrosion.” Eng. Fail. Anal. 19 (Jan): 109–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2011.09.010.
Yuan, Y. S., X. S. Zhang, and Y. S. Ji. 2006. “A comparative study on structural behavior of deteriorated reinforced concrete beam under two different environments.” China Civ. Eng. J. 39 (3): 42–46.
Zhang, L. X., and T. C. Hsu. 1998. “Behavior and analysis of 100 MPa concrete membrane elements.” J. Struct. Eng. ASCE 124 (1): 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:1(24).
Zhang, M., M. Akiyama, M. Shintani, J. Xin, and D. M. Frangopol. 2021. “Probabilistic estimation of flexural loading capacity of existing RC structures based on observational corrosion-induced crack width distribution using machine learning.” Struct. Saf. 91 (Jul): 102098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2021.102098.
Zheng, Y., S. S. Zheng, L. Yang, L. G. Dong, S. Ruan, and M. Ming. 2022. “Experimental study on the seismic behavior of corroded reinforced concrete walls in an artificial climate corrosion environment.” Eng. Struct. 252 (Feb): 113469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113469.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 149 • Issue 12 • December 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 2, 2022
Accepted: Jul 28, 2023
Published online: Oct 9, 2023
Published in print: Dec 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Mar 9, 2024
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.