Effect of Steel-Fiber Shear Reinforcement on Postcracking Shear Fatigue Behavior of Nonstirrup UHPC Beams
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 150, Issue 4
Abstract
Steel fibers in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) have been demonstrated to improve resistance to crack growth, decrease deflection, and increase fatigue life under cyclic loads. Using steel fibers as shear reinforcements, this paper investigates its effect on the postcracking shear fatigue behavior of nonstirrup UHPC beams. The study involved five UHPC beams comprising two static and three fatigue specimens to test the effects of the upper fatigue load, steel-fiber ratio, and stirrup ratio on the shear fatigue response. The test results showed that increasing the initial crack width in the nonstirrup UHPC beam from 0.05 to 0.2 mm (the equivalent of doubling the upper fatigue load) decreased the fatigue life from over two million to 24,875 cycles. The use of steel fibers in place of stirrups increased the residual-to-static strength and residual-to-initial stiffness ratios by 5% and 16%, respectively, after two million cycles. Compared with the specimen with stirrups, the steel-fiber-reinforced specimen had a lower midspan fatigue deflection-to-ultimate static deflection ratio owing to the relieved fatigue strain localization and increased tensile steel reinforcement-UHPC bond fatigue strength. The current codes predict the shear fatigue strength conservatively. A calculation model for accurately predicting fatigue deflection was proposed and compared with the existing test results. A future study on the wider parametric analysis and large-scale beam tests on the fatigue performance of these beams should be conducted.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or codes that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The research was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation (52308175, U1943205) and the Jiangsu Province Youth Science and Technology Talent Lifting Project (JSTJ-2023-JS002). We would like to extend our thanks for their financial support.
References
AASHTO. 2012. AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2014. Building code requirements for structural concrete and. commentary. ACI 318-14. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
AFNOR (Association Française de Normalisation). 2016. National addition to Eurocode 2—Design of concrete structures: Specific rules for ultra-high performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). Paris: AFNOR.
Alliche, A. 2004. “Damage model for fatigue loading of concrete.” Int. J. Fatigue 26 (9): 915–921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2004.02.006.
Bauwesen, D.-N. 2018. Final version of PT1-draft prEN 1992-1-1 2018 D3, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures—Part 1-1: General rules, rules for buildings. CEN-TC250-SC2 N1358. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Carlesso, D. M., A. de la Fuente, and S. H. P. Cavalaro. 2019. “Fatigue of cracked high performance fiber reinforced concrete subjected to bending.” Constr. Build. Mater. 220 (Sep): 444–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.06.038.
Cavagnis, F., M. Fernández Ruiz, and A. Muttoni. 2018. “A mechanical model for failures in shear of members without transverse reinforcement based on development of a critical shear crack.” Eng. Struct. 157 (Feb): 300–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.12.004.
CECS (China Association for Engineering Construction Standardization). 2004. Technical specification for fiber reinforced concrete structures. CECS 38-2004. Beijing: CECS.
Chang, T. S., and C. E. Kesler. 1958a. “Fatigue behavior of reinforced concrete beams.” ACI Struct. J. 55 (8): 245–254. https://doi.org/10.14359/11352.
Chang, T. S., and C. E. Kesler. 1958b. “Static and fatigue strength in shear of beams with tensile reinforcement.” ACI Struct. J. 54 (6): 1033–1057. https://doi.org/10.14359/11493.
Chinese Standard. 2010. Design code for concrete structure. GB 50010-2010. Beijing: Chinese Standard.
Chinese Standard. 2015. Reactive powder concrete. GB/T 31387-2015. Beijing: Chinese Standard.
Dong, S., Y. Wang, A. Ashour, B. Han, and J. Ou. 2021. “Uniaxial compressive fatigue behavior of ultra-high performance concrete reinforced with super-fine stainless wires.” Int. J. Fatigue 142 (Jan): 105959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.105959.
El Meski, F., and M. Harajli. 2015. “Evaluation of the flexural response of CFRP-strengthened unbonded posttensioned members.” J. Compos. Constr. 19 (3): 04014052. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000516.
Fang, Z., R. Hu, R. Jiang, Y. Xiang, and C. Liu. 2020. “Fatigue behavior of stirrup free reactive powder concrete beams prestressed with CFRP tendons.” J. Compos. Constr. 24 (4): 04020018. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001027.
FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). 2013. Design guide for precast UHPC waffle deck panel system, including connections. FHWA-HIF-13-032. Washington, DC: FHWA.
fib (Fédération internationale du béton). 2010. “Model code 2010.” In Bulletin d’information No. 56 and 57. Lausanne, Switzerland: fib.
Frey, R., and B. Thürlimann. 1983. Ermüdungsversuche an Stahlbetonbalken mit und ohne Schubbewehrung. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser.
Gallego, J. M., C. Zanuy, and L. Albajar. 2014. “Shear fatigue behaviour of reinforced concrete elements without shear reinforcement.” Eng. Struct. 79 (Nov): 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.08.005.
Higai, T. 1978. “Fundamental study on shear failure of reinforced concrete beams.” Proc. Jpn. Soc. Civ. Eng. 1978 (279): 113–126. https://doi.org/10.2208/jscej1969.1978.279_113.
Huang, C., and G. Zhao. 1995. “Properties of steel fibre reinforced concrete containing larger coarse aggregate.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 17 (3): 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/0958-9465(95)00012-2.
Hunan Provincial Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Department. 2017. Technical specification for reactive powder concrete structures. DBJ43/T325-2017. Beijing: China Building Industry Press.
Isojeh, B., M. El-Zeghayar, and F. J. Vecchio. 2017a. “Fatigue resistance of steel fiber-reinforced concrete deep beams.” ACI Struct. J. 114 (5): 1215. https://doi.org/10.14359/51700792.
Isojeh, B., M. El-Zeghayar, and F. J. Vecchio. 2017b. “High-cycle fatigue life prediction of reinforced concrete deep beams.” Eng. Struct. 150 (Nov): 12–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.07.031.
Jia, L., Z. Fang, R. Hu, K. Pilakoutas, and Z. Huang. 2022. “Fatigue behavior of UHPC beams prestressed with external CFRP tendons.” J. Compos. Constr. 26 (5): 04022066. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001261.
Lee, M. K., and B. I. G. Barr. 2004. “An overview of the fatigue behaviour of plain and fibre reinforced concrete.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 26 (4): 299–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(02)00139-7.
Li, X., Y.-S. Liang, Z.-H. Zhao, and H.-L. Lv. 2015. “Low-cycle fatigue behavior of corroded and CFRP-wrapped reinforced concrete columns.” Constr. Build. Mater. 101 (Dec): 902–917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.063.
Meng, W., and K. Khayat. 2017. “Effects of saturated lightweight sand content on key characteristics of ultra-high-performance concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 101 (Nov): 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.08.018.
Okamura, H., S. A. Farghaly, and T. Ueda. 1981. “Behaviors of reinforced concrete beams with stirrups failing in shear under fatigue loading.” Proc. Jpn. Soc. Civ. Eng. 1981 (308): 109–122.https://doi.org/10.2208/jscej1969.1981.308_109.
Parvez, A., and S. J. Foster. 2015. “Fatigue behavior of steel-fiber-reinforced concrete beams.” J. Struct. Eng. 141 (4): 04014117. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001074.
Peng, H., J. Zhang, S. Shang, Y. Liu, and C. S. Cai. 2016. “Experimental study of flexural fatigue performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with prestressed CFRP plates.” Eng. Struct. 127 (Jun): 62–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.08.026.
Rombach, G. A., and M. Kohl. 2016. “Fatigue strength of reinforced concrete beams without links under shear loads.” ACI Struct. J. 113 (5): 941–950. https://doi.org/10.14359/51688924.
Russell, H. G., and B. A. Graybeal. 2013. Ultra-high performance concrete: A state-of-the-art report for the bridge community[R] United States. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration.
Shafieifar, M., M. Farzad, and A. Azizinamini. 2018. “A comparison of existing analytical methods to predict the flexural capacity of ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) beams.” Constr. Build. Mater. 172 (May): 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.229.
Singh, M., A. H. Sheikh, M. S. Mohamed Ali, P. Visintin, and M. C. Griffith. 2017. “Experimental and numerical study of the flexural behaviour of ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete beams.” Constr. Build. Mater. 138 (Feb): 12–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.002.
Stelson, T. E., and J. N. Cernica. 1958. “Fatigue properties of concrete beams.” ACI Struct. J. 55 (8): 255–259. https://doi.org/10.14359/11353.
Tran, N. L. 2021. “Shear model mSM-c for slender reinforced concrete members without shear reinforcement subjected to fatigue loads.” Eng. Struct. 233 (Apr): 111886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.111886.
Voo, Y. L., W. K. Poon, and S. J. Foster. 2010. “Shear strength of steel fiber-reinforced ultrahigh-performance concrete beams without stirrups.” J. Struct. Eng. 136 (11): 1393–1400. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000234.
Wang, J., Q. Xu, Y. Yao, J. Qi, and H. Xiu. 2018. “Static behavior of grouped large headed stud-UHPC shear connectors in composite structures.” Compos. Struct. 206 (Dec): 202–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.08.038.
Wang, Y., X. Shao, and J. Cao. 2019. “Experimental study on basic performances of reinforced UHPC bridge deck with coarse aggregates.” J. Bridge Eng. 24 (12): 04019119. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001492.
Yang, J., B. Chen, and C. Nuti. 2021. “Influence of steel fiber on compressive properties of ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 302 (Oct): 124104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124104.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 150 • Issue 4 • April 2024
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 29, 2022
Accepted: Nov 1, 2023
Published online: Jan 18, 2024
Published in print: Apr 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Jun 18, 2024
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Beams
- Concrete
- Continuum mechanics
- Cracking
- Engineering materials (by type)
- Engineering mechanics
- Fatigue (material)
- Fatigue life
- Fatigue tests
- Fibers
- Fracture mechanics
- High-performance concrete
- Material mechanics
- Material properties
- Materials engineering
- Solid mechanics
- Steel beams
- Steel fibers
- Structural engineering
- Structural members
- Structural systems
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.