Experimental Study of the Postfire Mechanical Properties of Grade 14.9 Superhigh-Tension Bolt
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 4
Abstract
Fire hazard has been one of the most critical factors to threaten the safety of steel structures. Steel structures may not collapse when suffering fire and cooling down, but the serviceability of building after the fire needs to be evaluated before reusing. Hence, the postfire mechanical properties of steel are necessary. With the high- and ultrahigh-strength steel applied in the construction industry, superhigh-tension bolts (SHTB) are thus encouraged to apply in engineering. However, the current studies on the postfire mechanical properties mainly focus on the Grade 8.8s and 10.9s high-strength bolts. There is limited research work conducted to study the postfire mechanical properties of SHTB. In this study, coupon tests of Grade 14.9 SHTB were conducted, and the postfire performance was evaluated. Failure mode, stress-strain curve, elastic modulus, yield stress, tensile strength, tensile strain, percentage elongation after fracture, and percentage reduction of area were tested and analyzed. The postfire mechanical properties of different types of bolts were compared. The test results indicated that temperatures beyond 750°C cause decrease in the ductility of Grade 14.9 SHTB, regardless of the cooling condition. Accordingly, predictive formulas with good precision are proposed for the postfire mechanical properties of Grade 14.9 SHTB cooled down by air and water, respectively.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the support of this research provided by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 52078079), the Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar of Chongqing (No. cstc2020jcyj-jqX0026), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2022CDJQY-009).
Author contributions: Bo Yang contributed to the conceptualization, writing, reviewing, and editing of this paper along with the funding acquisition and project administration. Fan Wang contributed to the data curation and investigation. Miao Ding contributed to the visualization, investigation, and resources. Le Shen contributed the investigation and writing of the original draft. Mohamed Elchalakani contributed to the writing, reviewing, and editing of the paper.
References
ASTM. 2015. Standard specification for ‘twist off’ type tension control structural bolt/nut/washer assemblies, alloy steel, heat treated, 200 Ksi minimum tensile strength. ASTM F3043-15. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2016. Standard specification for heavy hex structural bolt/nut/washer assemblies, alloy steel, heat treated, 200 Ksi minimum tensile strength. ASTM F3111-16. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Azhari, F., A. Heidarpour, X.-L. Zhao, and C. R. Hutchinson. 2017. “Post-fire mechanical response of ultra-high strength (Grade 1200) steel under high temperatures: Linking thermal stability and microstructure.” Thin-Walled Struct. 119 (Oct): 114–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2017.05.030.
Ban, H., Q. Yang, Y. Shi, and Z. Luo. 2021. “Constitutive model of high-performance bolts at elevated temperatures.” Eng. Struct. 233 (Apr): 111889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.111889.
BSI (British Standard Institute). 2003. Structural use of steel work in building—Part 8: Code of practice for fire resistance design. BS 5950-8. London: BSI.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2005. Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures—Part 1–2: General rules—Structural fire design. EN 1993-1-2. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Chang, X., L. Yang, L. Zong, M. H. Zhao, and F. Yin. 2019. “Study on cyclic constitutive model and ultra low cycle fracture prediction model of duplex stainless steel.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 152 (Jan): 105–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.05.001.
Dolzhenkov, I. E. 1971. “The nature of blue brittleness of steel.” Met. Sci. Heat Treat. 13 (3): 220–224. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00652795.
Hu, Y., S.-L. Tang, A. K. George, Z. Tao, X.-Q. Wang, and H.-T. Thai. 2019. “Behaviour of stainless steel bolts after exposure to elevated temperatures.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 157 (Jun): 371–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.02.021.
Kamei, Y., M. Ishikawa, N. Nishimura, S. Kiryu, and S. Takeuchi. 2003. “Application to steel girder bridges of super high tension bolt.” Steel Constr. Eng. 10 (38): 39–49. https://doi.org/10.11273/jssc1994.10.38_39.
Kang, L., M. Suzuki, H. Ge, and B. Wu. 2018. “Experiment of ductile fracture performances of HSSS Q690 after a fire.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 146 (Jul): 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.03.010.
Ketabdari, H., A. Saedi Daryan, and N. Hassani. 2019. “Predicting post-fire mechanical properties of grade 8.8 and 10.9 steel bolts.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 162 (Nov): 105735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.105735.
Kodur, V., S. Kand, and W. Khaliq. 2012. “Effect of temperature on thermal and mechanical properties of steel bolts.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 24 (6): 765–774. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000445.
Kodur, V., M. Yahyai, A. Rezaeian, M. Eslami, and A. Poormohamadi. 2017. “Residual mechanical properties of high strength steel bolts subjected to heating-cooling cycle.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 131 (Apr): 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.01.007.
Li, G.-Q., H. Lyu, and C. Zhang. 2017. “Post-fire mechanical properties of high strength Q690 structural steel.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 132 (May): 108–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.12.027.
Lou, G.-B., S. Yu, R. Wang, and G.-Q. Li. 2012. “Mechanical properties of high-strength bolts after fire.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. 165 (7): 373–383. https://doi.org/10.1680/stbu.11.00015.
Mushahary, S. K., K. D. Singh, and S. A. Jayachandran. 2022. “Tensile and shear strength of 10.9 grade bolts in heating and cooling fire.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 197 (Oct): 107503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2022.107503.
Qiang, X., F. S. K. Bijlaard, and H. Kolstein. 2013. “Post-fire performance of very high strength steel S960.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 80 (Jan): 235–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2012.09.002.
Shi, G., S. Wang, X. Chen, and C. Rong. 2021. “Post-fire mechanical properties of base metal and welds of Q235 steel.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 183 (Aug): 106767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2021.106767.
Standard Press China. 2017. Code for fire safety of steel structures in buildings. GB 51249-2017. Beijing, China: China Planning Press.
Standard Press China. 2021. Metallic materials: Tensile testing: Part 1: Method of test at room temperature. GB/T 228.1-2021. Beijing, China: China Planning Press.
Tang, S.-L. 2019. “The investigation on the properties and stress-strain model of high-strength bolts and stainless steel bolts during and after fire.” Master’s thesis, School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Univ.
Uno, N., M. Kubota, M. Nagata, T. Tarui, H. Kanisawa, S. Yamasaki, K. Azuma, and T. Miyagawa. 2008. Super-high-strength bolt, ‘SHTB®’. Tokyo: Nippon Steel.
Wang, F., and E. M. Lui. 2020. “Experimental study of the post-fire mechanical properties of Q690 high strength steel.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 167 (Apr): 105966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.105966.
Wang, W., T. Liu, and J. Liu. 2015. “Experimental study on post-fire mechanical properties of high strength Q460 steel.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 114 (Nov): 100–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.07.019.
Wang, W., Y. Zhang, and X. Li. 2020. “Experimental study on mechanical properties of high strength Q960 steel after high temperature.” J. Build. Mater. 25 (1): 102–110. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1007-9629.2022.01.015.
Wood, M. T., C. L. Galitz, R. E. Shaw, and M. R. Eatherton. 2019. “Pretensioning procedures for ASTM F3043 twist-off type tension control bolt assemblies.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 155 (Apr): 385–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.01.003.
Zeng, X., W. B. Wu, J. S. Huo, and M. Elchalakani. 2021. “Residual mechanical properties of Q890 high-strength structural steel after exposure to fire.” Constr. Build. Mater. 304 (Oct): 124661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124661.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 149 • Issue 4 • April 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 15, 2022
Accepted: Nov 14, 2022
Published online: Jan 23, 2023
Published in print: Apr 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Jun 23, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Hui Wang, Shi-Dong Nie, Wei Fu, Min Liu, Yong-Zhi Huang, Mohamed Elchalakani, Temperature-Dependent Constitutive Model of Austenitic High-Strength A4L-80 Bolts after Furnace Fire, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 10.1061/JMCEE7.MTENG-17883, 36, 9, (2024).