Blast Performance and Damage Evaluation of High Arch Dams Subjected to Far-Field Underwater Explosions: Consideration of Joints
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 3
Abstract
The blast performance of 300-m-high arch dams is an important subject which has been studied widely over the years. An arch dam is convex on the upstream face, and the load is transmitted along the arch axis to the abutments at the ends of the dam. However, the integrity of arch dams is affected by the transverse contraction joints. The blast resistance performance of a 300-m-high arch dam subjected to far-field underwater explosion was investigated considering contraction joints. The acoustic–structural method was employed to model the underwater explosion loads and the interactions among the dam–reservoir–foundation system. To verify the reliability of the acoustic–structural method, a -scale model of an arch dam subjected to far-field underwater explosion was tested. A zero-thickness cohesive element was employed to model the mechanical behavior of contraction joints with grouting. Nonlinear dynamic response and damage progress of the high arch dam with transverse contraction joints to the far-field underwater explosion were investigated in terms of peak displacement, velocity, and damage modes. The tensile damage mechanism of the arch dam subjected to the far-field underwater explosion was discussed. The damage modes and deformation mechanism of high arch dams at the different positions of initiation point were presented. A damage index based on the damaged area in the downstream face and foundation face is proposed to evaluate the blast performance of high arch dams subjected to far-field underwater explosions. The results show that the contraction joints have a certain influence on the nonlinear dynamic and damage modes of high arch dams subjected to the far-field underwater explosion. The damage is larger with explosive charges near the one-quarter arch ring in the weak stiffness bank due to the asymmetry of the arch dam.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or codes that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully appreciate the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52179140, 51939008, and 52109164), the Natural Science Funds of Hubei Province for Distinguished Young Scholar (No. 2021CFA093), and the Project of Research Program on Applied Fundamentals and Frontier Technologies (No. 2020020601012282).
References
Ahmadi, M. T., M. Izadinia, and H. Bachmann. 2001. “A discrete crack joint model for nonlinear dynamic analysis of concrete arch dam.” Comput. Struct. 79 (4): 403–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7949(00)00148-6.
Alembagheri, M., and M. Ghaemian. 2016. “Seismic performance evaluation of a jointed arch dam.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. 12 (2): 256–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2015.1009124.
Braimah, A., and E. Contestabile. 2007. “Bombings of dams: A historical review.” In Proc., Canadian Dam Association’s 2007 Annual Conf.: A Climate of Change. St. John’s, NL, Canada: Canadian Dam Association.
Cole, R. H., and R. Weller. 1948. “Underwater explosions.” Phys. Today 1 (6): 35. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3066176.
DSSC (Dassault Systemes Simulia Corporation). 2016. User manuals v. 6.14. Providence, RI: DSSC.
Falconer, J. 2020. The dam buster story. Cheltenham, UK: History Press.
Fenves, G. L., S. Mojtahedi, and R. B. Reimer. 1992. “Effect of contraction joints on earthquake response of an arch dam.” J. Struct. Eng. 118 (4): 1039–1055. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:4(1039).
fib (International Federation for Structural Concrete). 2011. The model code 2010. Lausanne, Switzerland: fib.
Fronteddu, L., P. Leger, and R. Tinawi. 1998. “Static and dynamic behavior of concrete lift joint interfaces.” J. Struct. Eng. 124 (12): 1418–1430. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:12(1418).
Hariri-Ardebili, M. A., and M. R. Kianoush. 2014. “Integrative seismic safety evaluation of a high concrete arch dam.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 67 (Dec): 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.08.014.
Hou, G., J. Wang, and A. Layton. 2012. “Numerical methods for fluid-structure interaction—A review.” Commun. Comput. Phys. 12 (2): 337–377. https://doi.org/10.4208/cicp.291210.290411s.
Jen, C. Y. 2009. “Coupled acoustic–structural response of optimized ring-stiffened hull for scaled down submerged vehicle subject to underwater explosion.” Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. 52 (2): 96–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2009.08.006.
Lin, P., T. Ma, Z. Liang, C. A. Tang, and R. Wang. 2014. “Failure and overall stability analysis on high arch dam based on DFPA code.” Eng. Fail. Anal. 45 (Oct): 164–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2014.06.020.
Lin, P., P. Wei, W. Wang, and H. Huang. 2018. “Cracking risk and overall stability analysis of Xulong high arch dam: A case study.” Appl. Sci. 8 (12): 2555. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8122555.
Liu, Y. R., F. H. Guan, Q. Yang, R. Q. Yang, and W. Y. Zhou. 2013. “Geomechanical model test for stability analysis of high arch dam based on small blocks masonry technique.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 61 (Jul): 231–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2013.03.003.
Lu, Z., and A. Brown. 2021. “Surrogate approaches to predict surface ship response to far-field underwater explosion in early-stage ship design.” Ocean Eng. 225 (Apr): 108773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.108773.
MOHURD (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China). 2002. Code for design of concrete structures. Beijing: MOHURD.
MOHURD (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China). 2010. Specification for mix proportion design of masonry mortar. Beijing: MOHURD.
Moradi, M., S. M. Aghajanzadeh, H. Mirzabozorg, and M. Alimohammadi. 2018. “Underwater explosion and its effects on nonlinear behavior of an arch dam.” Coupled Syst. Mech. 7 (3): 333–351. https://doi.org/10.12989/csm.2018.7.3.333.
Moradloo, A. J., A. Adib, and A. Pirooznia. 2019. “Damage analysis of arch concrete dams subjected to underwater explosion.” Appl. Math. Modell. 75 (Nov): 709–734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2019.04.064.
Nikbin, I. M., S. Rahimi R., and H. Allahyari. 2017. “A new empirical formula for prediction of fracture energy of concrete based on the artificial neural network.” Eng. Fract. Mech. 186 (Dec): 466–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.11.010.
Pan, X., G. Wang, W. Lu, P. Yan, M. Chen, and Z. Gao. 2022. “The effects of initial stresses on nonlinear dynamic response of high arch dams subjected to far-field underwater explosion.” Eng. Struct. 256 (Apr): 114040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114040.
Puntel, E., and V. E. Saouma. 2008. “Experimental behavior of concrete joint interfaces under reversed cyclic loading.” J. Struct. Eng. 134 (9): 1558–1568. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:9(1558).
SAMR (State Administration for Market Regulation). 2019. Ready-mixed mortar. Beijing: SAMR.
Shin, Y. S. 2004. “Ship shock modeling and simulation for far-field underwater explosion.” Comput. Struct. 82 (23–26): 2211–2219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2004.03.075.
Sun, W. 2011. “Seismic response control of high arch dams including contraction joint using nonlinear super-elastic SMA damper.” Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (9): 3762–3767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.04.013.
Tassios, T. P., and E. N. Vintzēleou. 1987. “Concrete-to-concrete friction.” J. Struct. Eng. 113 (4): 832–849. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1987)113:4(832).
Wang, S. G., Y. R. Liu, Z. F. Tao, Y. Zhang, D. N. Zhong, Z. S. Wu, C. Lin, and Q. Yang. 2018. “Geomechanical model test for failure and stability analysis of high arch dam based on acoustic emission technique.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 112 (Dec): 95–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.10.018.
Zeinizadeh, A., H. Mirzabozorg, A. Noorzad, and A. Amirpour. 2018. “Hydrodynamic pressures in contraction joints including waterstops on seismic response of high arch dams.” Structures 14 (Jun): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2018.01.005.
Zhang, A., L. Zeng, X. Cheng, S. Wang, and Y. Chen. 2011. “The evaluation method of total damage to ship in underwater explosion.” Appl. Ocean Res. 33 (4): 240–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2011.06.002.
Zhang, C., J. Pan, and J. Wang. 2009. “Influence of seismic input mechanisms and radiation damping on arch dam response.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 29 (9): 1282–1293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2009.03.003.
Zhang, Q.-L., D.-Y. Li, C. Hu, and L. Hu. 2019a. “Numerical investigation into underwater explosion–resistant performance of an arch dam considering its transverse contraction and control joints.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 33 (6): 04019078. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001350.
Zhang, Q.-L., D.-Y. Li, L. Hu, and C. Hu. 2019b. “Viscous damping and contraction joint friction in underwater explosion resistant design of arch dams.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 33 (3): 04019020. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001274.
Zhang, Q.-L., D.-Y. Li, F. Wang, and B. Li. 2018. “Numerical simulation of nonlinear structural responses of an arch dam to an underwater explosion.” Eng. Fail. Anal. 91 (Sep): 72–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2018.04.025.
Zhao, X., H. Fang, G. Wang, and Y. Fan. 2021. “Safety evaluation of arch dam subjected to underwater contact explosion.” Mathematics 9 (22): 2941. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9222941.
Zhou, J., G. Lin, T. Zhu, A. D. Jefferson, and F. W. Williams. 2000. “Experimental investigations into seismic failure of high arch dams.” J. Struct. Eng. 126 (8): 926–935. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2000)126:8(926).
Zhu, F., W. Zhu, D. Fei, J. L. Yan, X. S. Xu, X. Chen, and J. J. Zhuo. 2013. “Modelling and analysis of arch dam withstand underwater explosion.” Int. J. Comput. Appl. Technol. 48 (3): 272–280. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCAT.2013.056923.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 3, 2022
Accepted: Nov 1, 2022
Published online: Dec 29, 2022
Published in print: Mar 1, 2023
Discussion open until: May 29, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Acoustics
- Arch dams
- Blasting effects
- Continuum mechanics
- Dams
- Design (by type)
- Detection methods
- Disaster risk management
- Disasters and hazards
- Dynamics (solid mechanics)
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering mechanics
- Explosions
- Geomatic surveys
- Geomatics
- Geotechnical engineering
- Joints
- Load factors
- Man-made disasters
- Methodology (by type)
- Nonlinear response
- Solid mechanics
- Structural behavior
- Structural design
- Structural dynamics
- Structural engineering
- Structural members
- Structural systems
- Underwater surveys
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.