Seismic Design of Diaphragms for Steel Buildings Considering Diaphragm Inelasticity
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 7
Abstract
Recent research has shown that seismic design forces for horizontal floor and roof diaphragms that have been in the US building codes for decades are not sufficiently large to protect the diaphragm from inelastic actions. These findings led, in part, to the development of alternative diaphragm design provisions in US standards, which use increased diaphragm force demands, but allow for a reduction of the demands by a unique diaphragm design force reduction factor, . In this study, the effect of different diaphragm design philosophies on the behavior of steel buildings is investigated using three-dimensional computational building models that consider nonlinear behavior in both the vertical and horizontal elements of the lateral force–resisting system (LFRS). Objectives include examining the effect of diaphragm inelasticity on building dynamic behavior, understanding seismic diaphragm force demands, investigating collapse probabilities for different diaphragm design approaches, and evaluating proposed values for bare steel deck and concrete-filled steel deck diaphragms. Building parameters were varied such as diaphragm design approach (traditional and alternative design with different values), building height (1-, 4-, 8-, and 12-story archetype buildings), and type of LFRS (buckling restrained braced frames or special concentrically braced frames). Nonlinear response-history analyses were performed, and resulting performance in terms of drift and collapse were evaluated. It was found that traditionally designed building diaphragms can experience substantial inelasticity during earthquake response. Computed adjusted collapse margin ratios for buildings utilizing the alternative diaphragm design procedure with for concrete-filled steel deck floor diaphragms and for bare steel deck roof diaphragms satisfy US design criteria for acceptance and are recommended for use in design of these types of structures.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 1562669 and 1562821, and the Steel Diaphragm Innovation Initiative, which was funded by the American Institute of Steel Construction, American Iron and Steel Institute, Steel Deck Institute, Steel Joist Institute, and the Metal Building Manufacturers Association. The Advanced Research Computing at Virginia Tech and the Maryland Advanced Research Computing Cluster at Johns Hopkins provided high-performance computing resources, which facilitated the computational study. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or any of the other sponsors.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 149 • Issue 7 • July 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 4, 2022
Accepted: Jan 27, 2023
Published online: Apr 22, 2023
Published in print: Jul 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Sep 22, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Building design
- Continuum mechanics
- Decks
- Design (by type)
- Diaphragms (structural)
- Dynamics (solid mechanics)
- Earthquake engineering
- Elasticity and Inelasticity
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering mechanics
- Forces (type)
- Geotechnical engineering
- Lateral forces
- Material mechanics
- Material properties
- Materials engineering
- Mechanical properties
- Seismic design
- Seismic tests
- Solid mechanics
- Steel decks
- Steel structures
- Structural engineering
- Structural members
- Structural systems
- Structures (by type)
- Tests (by type)
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