Slip-Resistant Pretensioned Connections in Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Bridge Constructions under Fatigue Loading
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 150, Issue 2
Abstract
Hot-dip galvanized steel structures are well-established and state of the art for public and industrial buildings. They can achieve a corrosion protection period in the magnitude of the lifetime of the structures (). The application of this corrosion protection system would also have great potential in bridge construction. Economic efficiency and sustainability in bridge construction are, in addition to the cost of new building, determined by the incurred maintenance costs. A prior research project had demonstrated hardly any losses on the fatigue strength compared with the nongalvanized steel components. Large bridge structures must be designed with assembly joints. Welded field joints of hot-dip galvanized components require a complex pretreatment and posttreatment of the corrosion protection. Nevertheless, onsite applied corrosion protection cannot reach the protection durability of a hot-dip galvanizing. This technological restriction can be avoided by the use of hot-dip galvanized bolted connections. Slip-resistant pretensioned connections with pretensioned bolts have been proven successful in steel bridge construction. Major scientific investigations are not yet available for the use of slip-resistant connections for hot-dip galvanized joints. Technical and scientific foundations for the application of hot-dip galvanized bolted connections in cyclically loaded steel and composite bridge constructions, based on the European standard for steel constructions are investigated within the scope of this research project. Construction and design recommendations are provided.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The IGF project “Bolted, slip-resistant pretensioned connections on hot-dip galvanized bridge components under cyclic loads,” IGF Project No. 19444 BG, of GAV–Gemeinschaftsausschuss Verzinken e.V., Mörsenbroicher Weg 200 in 40470 Düsseldorf, Germany, was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy through the German Federation of Industrial Research Associations “Otto von Guericke” e.V. (AiF) within the framework of the program for the promotion of joint industrial research (IGF) by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy on the basis of a resolution of the German Bundestag. We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to the funding institutions for their excellent cooperation.
References
AGA (American Galvanizers Association). 2022. “What is the HDG process?” Accessed February 1, 2022. https://galvanizeit.org/hot-dip-galvanizing/hdg-process.
Berto, F., S. M. J. Razavi, M. R. Ayatollahi, and F. Mutignani. 2017. “Mechanical behaviour of hot dip galvanized steel connection under cyclic loading.” Procedia Struct. Integrity 3 (Jan): 77–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2017.04.011.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2010a. Design of composite steel and concrete structures, part 2: General rules and rules for bridges. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2010b. Design of steel structures, part 1-8: Design of joints. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2010c. Design of steel structures, part 1-9: Fatigue. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2010d. Design of steel structures, part 2: Steel bridges. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2017. Zinc coatings—Guidelines and recommendations for the protection against corrosion of iron and steel in structures, part 1: General principles of design and corrosion resistance. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2018. Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures, part 2: Technical requirements for steel structures. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Cruz, A., R. Simões, and R. Alves. 2012. “Slip factor in slip resistant joints with high strength steel.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 70 (Mar): 280–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2011.11.001.
Kulak, G., J. Fisher, and J. Struik. 2001. “Guide to design criteria for bolted and riveted joints.” In Research council on structural connections. Chicago: AISC.
Maljaars, J., and M. Euler. 2021. “Fatigue S-N curves of bolts and bolted connections for application in civil engineering structures.” Int. J. Fatigue 151 (Oct): 106355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2021.106355.
Peißker, P., M. Huckshold, and P. Maaß. 2016. Handbuch Feuerverzinken. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley.
Schudlich, A.-K., M. Oechsner, M. Klein, D. Ungermann, and J. Grote. 2021. “Slip-resistant connections in hot-dip galvanized steel bridge constructions.” Mater. Sci. Eng. Technol. 52 (2): 202–210. https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000159.
Schulz, W.-D., and M. Thiele. 2012. Feuerverzinken von Stückgut. Bad Saulgau, Germany: Leuze Verlag.
TAW (Technische Akademie Wuppertal). 2007. Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz von Werkstoffen–Teil II. Wuppertal, Germany: TAW.
Ungermann, D., J. Grote, M. Oechsner, A.-K. Schudlich, M. Klein, S. Friedrich, and P. Lebelt. 2021. Bolted, slip-resistant pretensioned connections on hot-dip galvanized bridge constructions under cyclic loading. Düsseldorf, Germany: Gemeinschaftsausschuss Verzinken.
Ungermann, D., D. Rademacher, M. Oechsner, R. Landgrebe, J. Adelmann, F. Simonsen, S. Friedrich, and P. Lebelt. 2014. FOSTA P835—Hot dip galvanizing in steel and composite bridge constructions. Düsseldorf, Germany: Forschungsvereinigung Stahlanwendung e.V.
Ungermann, D., D. Rademacher, T. Pinger, and O. Hechler. 2016. Entwurfshilfe zum Einsatz von feuerverzinkten Bauteilen im Stahl- und Verbundbrückenbau. Düsseldorf, Germany: Bauforumstahl e.V.
Valtinat, G., and H. Huhn. 2003. Strength increase of bolted connections on fatigue-stressed hot-dip galvanized steel structures. Düsseldorf, Germany: Gemeinschaftsausschuss Verzinken e.V.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 150 • Issue 2 • February 2024
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 21, 2022
Accepted: Jun 13, 2023
Published online: Nov 22, 2023
Published in print: Feb 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Apr 22, 2024
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.